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1986-05-07 Council Packet - Work Session
Kenai City Council Work Session May 7, 1986 Comprehensive Plan F, KENAI CITY COUNCIL Mork Seeeion - 5/7/06 - Comprehensive Plan Council Chambers Presents Mayor Wagoner, Councilmen Ackerly, Councilwoman Bailie, Councilman Hall, Councilman Measles, Councilmen Wise Absents Councilwoman Monfor (arrived late) Comprehensive Plan Planning Specialiot Loper - The Borough would like to see this done by the and of May, the Plan has been advertised for public hearing this date, will probably be approved at the 5/21 Planning Commission meeting. Public Comments a. ponnts Thomason Box 217 Kenai. I am not familiar with the Comprehensive Plan, but�have reviewed the Lend Use Plan map in the newspaper. Section 35 is public lends, conservation and parke. We own this and it is zoned commercial. The map is in error and perhaps has been turned around. I would request this 7+ acres be corrected before the plan is approved, if this is not the case, I would like an explanation. b. too Ob rte. Referring to page 25, I would like to gee a provision for large acreage development. There are many large acre tracts still undeveloped in the City. We have time to develop, there is no rush at this point. For example, on 40 acres or larger 1 euyyeat P mall in our large acreage. On page 189 ae we develop the downtown core, I would liko a City owned perking area so individual land owners would not have to provide so much. Councilwoman Monfor arrived at 6s15 PM. Mr. Oberts continueds Multiple use perking in the downtown area would be beneficial in all anpects. On page 29, reference old town site, would like to see community enterprise in old town and develop according to a plan. The area could be a tourist attraction. Page 30, item F, wetlands. They want city and Borough to take over, Corps of Engineers takes care of wetlands. They go by plants that grow to determine wetlands. Two-thirds of Alaska is wetlands. Page 31, reference movement of caribou, I a ree with the basic statements but I would disagree with trading lands with government for preservation. I would not like to have this close to a city. I have seen people get 20' - 30' from a caribou. Humans do not bother them. The biggest problem is doge chasing them. Page 32, item e. urge DEC to enforce regulations. There are 32 state and federal agencies Involved in the Kenai River. They tend to cosnflict. Do we need another level of regulations? I would ask Dick Morehouse to see my property, it is not wetlands, it is high. I see no reason to duplicate what Is required by Corps of Engineers. The Kenai River is a fantastic opportunity. I would like a resolution to support private enterprise on the river. There could be another million dollars in the State. L a 1� COUNCIL Work Session Nay 7, 1986 Page 2 c. TargonakY Page 13, number S. Encourage tourism by rootorotion. I would encourage the city to support national historic design of church, the plan states that the Kenai Russian church is one of 2 in the etete, where did thdy get information of second one. Dick Morehouse answered that there is one in Unalaska. Kemper Insurance is looking at several to restore in Alaska, the Kenai church could be reviewed. Page 29, number 10e "ensure adequate off street parking-" There wee a proposal for a parking lot on church property, the church did not went this, has anything been done. Dick Morehouse answered that they are using the Keepriein plan. F. Torgonsky -there is an ordinance this date reference Old Town, I would hope you would take no action on this as there is a new ordinance being prepared. I went Council to be aware so it doeo not have to be redone. d. L nda Swa er - Page 52 reference health care, the paragraph should Include the three optometrioto in the Kenai/Soldotno area. e. Leo Obe to - we all recognize that the Kenai River is an industry and should remain. I would like to see city dock some where outside of the city where they could get deep water. We need cargo dock. May have to fund ourselves. Development across inlet. We should have ferry system and should have cruise ships. Reference road areas and suggest more roads in the city so we can take advantage of commercial aspects. Where Beaver Loop ends thuto ies dinuunniun rvru,6nco widor.ir,g. Suggaat doing mini.;.un, widening enAl access into Native property and across Moose River and join Sterling Highway. A limited access highway would make Sterling happy and get the truck traffic off the other highway. Councilmen Wine - I went to a conference in Son Antonio by NLC. The thing missing in this plan is that everybody down there streooed identify your assets. Things such as a tronoportetion center, airport, airport lends, river, and inlet. The inlet io why Kenai is here, among other things, it supports e fishing fleet. Before you can talk about what you want to be, you have to talk about what you ere. Business and commerce, natural gas resources that affecto the coot of living. The location of Kenai is relative to the central peninoule. Talk about whet we are and build on what Ww hnwa. Leo Oberte - reference road. The State at one time had another bridge by Cagle RocP. Would be an extension to Kalifornsky Beach Road. Rick�MQ� -house - Thank you for your comments and correction. I agree witl Mr, Obec a large landownere should have a special zoning code. Reference Old Town, the development should be tined per the Kaeprisin plan. Referen Kenai River, it was not planned to paraphrase the KRSMA hearings. We use, an independent advisor. It is not the intent to have zoning take over th jobs of thi, Cops of Engineers. Reference identification of community assets, it in true if you went a listing at the beginning of the report* do not feel it is necessary es the Chamber of Commerce already does this and a listing does not improve the document. We produced a draft on February 27th, Planning Specialist Loper assembled the commante, we had .. Lw i i COUNCIL Work Session May 7# 1986 Page 7 meeting with the Borough representative and reviewed these comments, incorporating men of thee. 1 would urge a resolution to the Borough on May Zlst to pass to the Borough approving the plan. Mayor Wagoner - I have been trying to review this document but have not yet completed it. I do not feel comfortable passing a resolution for approval on to the Borough until I review it and re -read it. The Borough's statement was that it would be passed on when Council felt it was ready. The Work Session woo adjourned at 600 PM. laAA4Y 71Ja4!2'" Janet Whelan JW/jal ' 1 5 SS .. „ . - .. t F -..iiiijo— =b VA •• r cnorage tally News Monday, Docomb0r 23, IYUS .,tson news .lne crash kills 6 31cl,YN, Mich. — A small plane opparo1111y lost otu► of Ito and cashed Into a lake Sunday In southeast Michigan, y all six aboard, Including two children, state police sold. s who reached the wreckage of the Cessna Cordli tal forged In frlgid Lake Columbia recovered live bodi„o. The of the pilot remained troppod In the wreckage. : w Zealand may lose U.S. shield rti,NGTON — The United Stator Is formulating p10113 to .,,:1co Its security obligations to Now Zealand boon uso of that Ws plans to ban visits by U.S, ships carrying nuclear .eons but will not scrap a regional defense treaty, according :minintrailon officials. The U.S. mutual defense treaty with 'Zealand and Australia — known as ANZUS — wotl:d romaln to prevent disruption of U.S, military relations with aho, ties that anchor Western security Intorosls lit the l► Pacific. The 34•yearrold treaty has boon stralnet' :.Into Loaland decided In February to bar port entry to . t r oyor, the USS 0uehanon, because life United St... 3 I :.od to any whether It carried nuclear weapons. :tattle Challenger moved to pad tFla. — The shuttle Challenger wa:-. haulod 11 WatNd AvERAAFali" moon rocket launch pad Sunday for io roady the ship for blostoll Jan.12 wrlth a aal►m.: tonehor d. With Challenger In place, shuttle engineers c.- Anued • to toady Columbia for Its planned launching on 1.4. The --an spaceship's launch try Thursday ended lust 1 '..;oconds •, blastoff when a hydraulic pressurization unit of - :1s right- inlid rocket booster malfunctioned. ,lice seek motive for rampage ',tVA, Flo, — Police sought Sunday to dotormino tl. ',fondly t 110 inollvo of a man armed with a butcher knife w. , wont on �149r.+d a rampage In a bus and at a hotel, killing if 14 yet,r <..1 wounding lour others In a stabbing sproo. The osw 1:.,: was shot and killed by on off -duty reserve pollcorltar., butcher knife to stab bus driver Samuel Kelly altor tifi,it bus Saturday at a shopping mall about six miles north.., Tempe, than attacked poocongors on tiro bus and at a t ' hoot, olllolais sold. The molivo In the attacks had iv,t t.• determined. Kelly, 30, woo In critical condition Sur,:, i. General Hospital with slob wounds to the chest and ,I:..' On the bue, Clydo,Ruosoll 111,14, was stabbod mover,,; later died of hill wounds. Administration hacks landowners WASHINGTON — Tho Jualloo 0oportmoni, In a sivn,: has urged the Supremo Court to rule that state and governments must sometimes pay landowners dnma�v toning and other lond•uao restrictions that diinlni;,r1 vfigoco property. In o legal brief filed late Thursday, tho dci: tr for the first time that especially burdonsonlo lanJ-n',n restrictions, oven 11 only temporary, could otnount to unconstitutional takings of properly. Tho Fifth provides that private property may not "bo takon for I_ without lust compensation." When o govornmontal t,•. 1• yg over private property to build a road or on Army thlsu, example, compensation must ordinarily be paid. �� Ferraro: Cuoino fro p o f ant NEW YORK — Former Damrwrml: `fte 4loraldlno Forraro,sold Sunday she wants Gov. Now York to run for president In 1000. Cuomo has In,, has no plans to run for the presidency In the next elm! . 1004, Forroro become the first Itallan•Amorican and to run for vice president on a majority potty ticket. T I - Now York congresswoman recently onnouncod sho ►+... challongga Son: Allonco O'Amalo,.R•N.Y., In 1006 t+oc.lt; _ conllnuing fodoral Investigation Into hor 1910 canlpatl;' and come of her financial disclosure statements. F -- " -- - - -- CITY OF KENAI Vd G� p" o f �4�ae�d" lfOfIRALAO KlN U ALASKA 91611 all --- T�L[MION�lN• Tit! MEMORANDUM it TDs Kenai City Council FRDMs 3anst Loper, Planning Specialist SUBJECTS Update of Comprehensive Plan OATEs April 29, 1986 The "final" draft of the Comprehensive Plan has arrived. This draft includes the comments and concerns of the Council, Planning Comiesian, and Borough as compiled after the lest joint work session. Due to monetary and contract concerns, Dick Morehouse has requested the Plan move ahead as soon as possible. A public hosting has been set for Nay 7th at 611W PM for public input and any further work the Council cores to do on the Plan. Dick Morehouse (consultant for CCC Architects Alaska) and Polly Crawford (reporter for the Clarion) will be putting adds in the newspaper in an effort to gain as much public attention as possible. KENAI COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Preliminary Review Draft February 7, 1986 SECOND REVIEW DRAFT APRIL 29, 1986 CCC Architects Alaska r k f i EI �� 3 � - • � 1 ; i it � • x • fi a{ (title page) City of Kenai Comprehensive Plan 1966 ^ City Council Tom Wagoner, Mayor y - f Tom Ackerly } Sally Sallie Jess L. Hall Raymond Measles Chris Monfor = John Wise - _. -- °-- City Administration i Bill Brighton, Manager Janet Loper, Planning Technician r. penal Peninsula Borough Stan Thompson, Manager " - + G.S. Best, Planning Director Steve Cervantes, Senior Planner Adopted by KPO Assembly Ordinance 86- _ • __� 1986 Pursuant to AS 29.40.030 all C _5 : Planning &_Zonl 9—C mmisslon Lee Lewis, Chairman Phil Bryson Dick Carlgnan Bob Oleson Ozzie Osborne Hal Smalley Bill Zubeck Cons__ CCC Architects Alaska Anchorage Kevin Waring Assoc. Karen Wusatenfeld Quadra Engineering Source of Copies City of Kenai 210 Fldalgo Kenai, Alaska 99611 ikr v V r" w s Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . .. .. . . A. Purpose and Organisation .. . B. Highlights of the Plan 11. Employment and Population Forecasts A. History of the Community .. . . B. Economic Trands C. Population Projections D. Economic Development Strategies Ill. Land Use Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Existing Land Use B. Natural Development Constraints C. Residential Land Use . . . . . D. Commercial Land Use . . . . . . . . E. Industrial Land Use . . . . . . . F. Parks and Recreation . . . . . . . I V . Transportation Plan . . A. Surface Transportation E . Air Transportation C. Marine Transportation V. Public Facilities and Services A. Utilities Services . . . . . . . B. Public Safety C. Health Caro, D. Social, Coiltural, and Education Facilities V I . Implementation A. Capital Improvements Program B. toning Ordinance Changes VI1. Appendices A. Documents and Reports Included by Reference P. aft- Flagres 1. Vicinity Map • 2. Land Ownership 3. Natural Development Constraints 4. Land Use Plan S. Parks Plan S. Transportation Plan Tables 1. Employment by Sector, 1980-1984, Kenai-Soldotna Area 2. Employment and Population Forecast, Kenai-Soldotna Area e*- • Oh ectives Sub ect I. Promote a good business climate 2. Prepare an economic development strategy S. Seek productive use of city land 4. Enhance the recreation/visitor Industry S. Encourage tourism to historic townsite ►__m 0 1. INTRODUCTION k y 3 ;} A. —PURPOSE AND ORGANIZATION The Comprehensive Plat, is a compilation of objectives, actions and maps _ d designed to help guide the physical, social, and economic development of L Kenai. The planning horizon for recommendations contained In the plan is 15 years, to the year 2000; although the plan should be updated every two to three years to respond to changing conditions. The plan Is written and organized to facilitate decision -making. That Is, recommendations are presented In the form of GUIDELINES, each i accompanied by specific ACTIONS which the Planning and Zoning Commission and Council should take to implement the plan. The guidelines and actions provide direction for long-term development as well as for day-to-day decisions about land use, capital Improvements and program funding. The plan is also designed to Inform other governmental agencies, businesses, landowners, and citizens about how the city is Intended to grow and change. The GUIDELINES are arranged in numerical order, Independent of page numbers so that they can be easily referenced In any ordinance or resolution. o. a The Kenai Peninsula Borough has areawide planning powers as a second class borough. Approval of the plan by ordinance of the borough constitutes a commitment to carry out the guidelines and actions. While the exact mechanism outlined In a written action may change, the intent of the action should be maintained. The objectives/ actions effectively become a kind of rharkliat which can be used to measure No ubrece In making Kona! abetter place to 11ve and work. B. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE PLAN wc,v mFt..GTO 1 f L L� , The Kenai Peninsula Borough has areawide planning powers as a second class borough. Approval of the plan by ordinance of the borough constitutes a commitment to carry out the guidelines and actions. While the exact mechanism outlined In a written action may change, the intent of the action should be maintained. The objectives/ actions effectively become a kind of rharkliat which can be used to measure No ubrece In making Kona! abetter place to 11ve and work. B. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE PLAN wc,v mFt..GTO 1 f L L� , 1, COOK INLET r m 141K K1 ,K NA1 NA iLDLIRE A - --- 3= -- :r.. .^0 1 Kt • TO HOME' 'II� Fig. 1 Vicinity Map ter: V l± �55 I " ". 11 City of Kenai Konoi Poninsula Borough 4 j 67 T 20 Mlles J 4 , l i II. EMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION FORECASTS A. HISTORY OF THE COMMUNITY Kenai's history is Intimately related to the resouce economics of subsistence fishing, fur trapping, commercial fishing, all and gas production and refining, and tourism and recreational deveopment. Each one of these economies has dominated during different periods In the life of Kenai. 1000 13C Athapaskan Indians, later known as the Tanalns, built underground homes in the hillsides and ridges noon the mouth of Kenai River. 1741 About 1000 Tanslna lived in the area of the river when Russian fur traders first arrived, who referred to the natives as Kenaltze or "Kenai people". 1791 Russians built Fort St. Nicholas and later established the Russian America Company, trading In furs and Inter- marrying with natives over the next 78 years. The existing Russian Orthodox Church dates from this period. 1867 Alaska was purchased from the Russians. The Alask- Commercial Company took over the Russian -America Company, and the army established Fort St. Nicholas a Fort Kenay. The army abandoned the fort In 1870 on, population declined. 188015 The first cannery was built and Kenai established Itself a a commercial fishing community with a pcoulAtlaro wnlcl fluctuated between 250 and 380 until World War 11. 1095-1910 Gold was placer mined on creeks in the area. 1940's The airport was built and homesteading was opened ul after the war. 195015 Wlldwood army base (later becoming Wlldwood Air Forc Station until transferred to Kenai Native Association li 1972) and the White Alice Radar Site were built. 1957 The Swanson River Oil Field was discovered and rafinerle were built at North Kenai. 190013 Kenai became p first class city In 1960 with a population a 778. A Home Rule Charter was adopted In 1963. OI discoveries were confirmed In Cook Inlet In 1965, beglnnlnj a period characterized by economic boom and ropli expansion of homes, businesses, roads, and utilities. 1970's Oil and gas continued to stimulate growth, with populatloi reaching 4373 (with another 345 In North Kenai) In 1970 Since 1976, all production In Cook Inlet and the Swensai River Area has declined and natural gas productloi Increased modestly. 3 0 198018 Development was fueled by state spending and subsidised •. • housing programs, a low cost of - living compared with other urban cities in Alaska (a home for many people employed on Alaska's North Slope), expansion of commercial services and • air transportation serving the central peninsula, and growth In tourism facilities and river recreational fishing. R. ECONOMIC TRf NOS For more than a decade,. the City of Kenai has prospered as part of the burgeoning growth on the central peninsula. Although the city Is a distinct political entity, it shares with Soldotne, Sterling, Nlklskl and other settled areas a common economic bass, predicated on easy travel among communities and a wide choice of employment and housing. Thus, for practical purposes, economic analysis and forecasting must first consider the two titles in relatloa to their common regional economy and then make adjustment for the distinctive traits of each community's economy. Evolution 91 The Regional economy From 1970 to 1980, the Kenai- Soldotna area continued the rapid economic and population growth begun In the 196019. Employment In the Alaska Depart- ment of tabor's KenM-Cook IWA labor erra coubled from 30S76 In it170 to 7,134 to 1980. However, during the decade, the population of the City of Kenai grew by only 22%. The primary slmulus to economic growth in the larger region during the early part of this period was continuing development of the Kenai -Cook Inlet oil and gas fields and of the North Kenai industrial complex. This complex now Includes the Chevron refinery (built 1962, expanded 1983), the Collier (now Union) Carbon and Chemical ammonia -urea plant (19990 expanded 1977), the Philllps-Marathon LNG plant (1969) and the Tesoro refinery (1069, expanded 1974, 1975, 1977, 19800 1985). Also Important were the maturation of the Kenai -based commercial fishing and seafood processing Industry and the growth of the recreational A visitor industry. The growth in these basic Industries generated the Income and purchasing power that stimulated the support sectors of trade, commercial and public. ese•vio iia, trar.:riircanon and construction. Although total employment doubled between 1970 and 1980, the overall structure of employment was relatively stable. ' All sectors of the economy grew and there were only minor changes In the distribution of employment by industry. By the 1980's the oil and gas, and fish processing Industries which has launched development of the region were In decline, as strong growth continued In support sector activities, especially the trade and services sectors, plus local government and con- struction. Table 1- shows annual employment by Industry between 1980 and 1984. The growth In the number of Jobe In the trade and service sectors Is a sign of maturation In the region's Internal economy. It suggests :Fiat more goods and services are steadily being supplied by local businesses. t t n 0 A r :r Y 1• A_ Il o Strong growth In the support sector also means a rising economic multiplier, as a growing share of local earnings Is spent and re -spent within the local economy. This can be a strong force for economic and population growth, even in the absence of growth In basic expert Industries. Evidently, It account;V for a good part of the region's economic growth since 1980. AN Also, during the early 19801s, the State of Alaska's expendiutes for capital improvements, for transfer payments to local govern- ments and for State -subsidised loans for home mortgages and business development, gave substantial Impetus to construction of residential, business and community improvements. Now, as state expenditures are in decline, this stimulus to the local economy Is being significantly reduced. TmblO 1 Employment by Sector, 1Q80.1984 KMal-Soidotno Area Number of NOW Jobs 1050 1904 1080-1084 Mining (Inc. oil i Gas) 722 594 -129 Construction 514 900 "a Manufacturing/Processing 1024 992 -22 Rood b Kindred Products 525 461 .75 Transportatlon, canmunlcatlons 49 602 14S • utilities Trade 611 1592 661 Wholesale 225 239 102 Retail 675 1252 $78 Finance, Insurance i heal @state services 6 Miscellaneous ON 1151 402 Government 11$4 1022 469 sslate)1) I a 3 50S 183Local) 755 1018 262 Total 5627 7694 2057 ores • for first nine months only. sourcet Alaska Department of Labor. Research, and Analysis section. ��y L e Growth Forecasts by Sector No one sector of the economy is expected to see significant growth or decline during the next five years. After the rapid growth of the early 19809s, the region Is in a period of consolld- atlon, with much slower, but steadyarowth. Discussed below Is a breakdown of economic trends by sector. Oil and Gas: Kenai -Cook Inlet all field production peaked in 1970. Consistent with these production trends, Kenai -Cook Inlet labor area employment In all and gas extraction activities shrunk. from 18.2% in 1970 to 10.6% In'1980. Tesoro's petroleum refinery, which just completed a $95 million expansion program to produce up to 78,000 barrels of petroleum fuels daily, has come to depend mainly on North Slope crude all for Its feedstock, as does the smaller (18,000 barrels daily) Chevron refinery. The North Kenai petrochemical plants and products (LNG, ammonia -urea fertilizers) were originally developed mainly for export markets. These Industrial plants and other Industrial uses absorb nearly three -fourths of Cook Inlet natural gas production. Today's market conditions for petrochemical products are unfavorable for further expansion for export markets. Future growth in gas production depends primarily on new rallbelt gas demand for power generation and spaceheating, but these uses now account for only about 6 L. F one-fourth of the region's gas consumption. Furthermore, the Alaska Department of Natural Resources' current projections for rallbelt gas demand forecasts moderate growth for spaceheating and power generation use, even without the Susitna dam projects, and with no change In industrial demand. The Kenai -Cook Inlet province is generally thought to hold natural gas potential well In excess of proven reserves, but without markets, exploration Interest Is low. Throe large gas products under study are speculative, given current market conditions: The Pacific Alaska LNG Project, the Yukon Pacific Company's gas pipeline from the North Slope to Cook Inlet, and a north Kenai LNG plant. North Slope employment Is Important for a sizable number of local residents. In 1982 there were 437 residents of the borough who worked on the North Slope and contributed to the prosperity of the Kenai area. Commercial Fishing and Seafood Processing: The Kenol-based fishing and seafood processing Industry grew strongly through the 1970's, but now appears to have reached a plateau. In fact, the Kenai-Soidotne average annual employment In manufacturing of food and kindred products (i.e., seafood processing) actually declined from 536 jobs in 1080 to 461 jobs In 1984. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game foresees little or no growth In the Industry. i i� �I �a d T i Trade and Services: This sector grow dramatically from 28.4% of the region's employ- ment In 1980, to 35.7% In 1984 - representing half of the jobs added during the period (see Table 1). This growth trend was broad -based, but food and lodging services, building materials supply, home furnishings, retail food stores and automotive services prospered especially well according to Department of Labor employment data. It Is worth noting that some of these businesses (building materials supply, home furnishings) cater heavily to new population growth or to highway -oriented visitors (food and lodging services, automotive services) and depend upon growth to sustain their prosperity. Of the four largest urban areas In Alaska (Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau, and Kenai-Soldotna), the Kenai-Soldotna region easily surpasses Juneau and is now approaching Fairbanks In trade and services employment. This suggests that, for Its market area, the region's trade and service sector may be approaching a saturation point, with diminished room for future expansion. Recreation and Tourism: Employment in the visitor industry accounted for 8% of all private sector employment in 1984. June and July account for one half of visitor volume. A recent study, "The Impact of Tourism on the Kenai Peninsula" found that Soldotna and the Kenai -North Kenai areas are about equally F popular as recreational destinations for Anchorage residents; but June and July accounted for about half of the annual visitor volume; and that the businesses benifitting most from the visitor Industry were hotels/motels, food service, transportation, recreation services, food, gift, and other retail stores, and auto service. The study also found that the peninsula has low recognition as a tourist destination for non- resident travelers, suggesting a marketing strategy to broaden summer and winter tourism. Government: State petroleum production revenues are In decline since 1982, reducing transfer payments to local governments, home - mortgage subsidies, etc. This may force higher local property tax rates, depress housing markets, etc. Local government, which now accounts for 13% of local employ- ment, has grown rapidly to deliver basic public services and facilities. It Is now expected to grow more slowly than the overall rate of economic growth. Federal government will remain at Its 1970 rate, with the exceptiol of the FAA Plight Service Station In Kenai about about new jobs in 1987. Construction: Construction activity was very strong in the Kenai-Soldotna 7 region from 1980 to 1984. `' II J Typically, residential and com- mercial construction over - responds to demand and saturates the market. When growth finally slows, the construction Industry and related businesses, (0.0., materials supply, home furnishings, transportation) stalls, until supply and demand are restored to balance. In a rotatively small but growing region such as the central peninsula, the construction Industry is especially prone to this boom -bust cycle and tends to exaggerate fluctuations In the business cycle. Recent data on real estate and construction activity suggest that the construction Industry Is now on the downside of its current boom -bust cyclo. Unemployment b seasonalit Despite rapid growth In total employment over the past decade, the area has experienced a , persistently high overall unemploy- ment rate. The unemployment rate actually rose between 1975-1984 for the Kenai -Cook Inlet Census Division, even while employment grew by more than 50%. The average annual unemployment rate In 1975 was 8.7% and 14.6% In 1084. Additionally, the region experiences wide seasonal swings in total employment and unemployment rates. These unemployment patterns are partly attributable to construction cycles and partly due to seasonal Industries. The unemployed appear to Include construction workers who came to the community during booms, and stayed after projects were completed. For I✓ a the future, continued growth and diversification In the region's economy should help moderate the impact of any large-scale projects on the region's growth cycle. Communities will become more able to absorb individual projects and !ass prone to extreme fluctuations In the pace of growth. Other unemployed are people employed in seasonal Industries - commercial fishing and processlag, construction and tourism. For these industries, access to a large temporary labor pool Is essential. Although It produces unemployment, this elasticity In the region's labor pool Is fortunate, Inasmuch as the labor needs of these important seasonal Industries Ara •kapplied witis penalising the region without even higher offseason unemployment, or the need to provide for the service and fecllity needs of a larger population to permanent residents. Seasonal unemployment will continue until off-season employ-, ment opportunities are created for the permanent resident workforce. a U C. ECONOMIC_ PROJeC`I'ION5 Annual Growth Rate For the planning parlad to the The Comprehensive Plan population year 2000. the Comprehensive Plan forecast assumes that Kenai will Arolects an annual average _rate of continue to "capture" about 25 of employment and population growth t e rowth Prolected for the lamer of 2.5 . However, Kenai Is economic re on. Its actual forecast to grow by 3.5% through capturo rate will depend In part 1986 In response to stronger upon the kind of housing offered short-term prospects. In the city, the desirability of neighborhoods served by city This forecast Is below the rate water and sewer, the cost of that has prevailed over the past land, lifestyle preferences, and two decades, but still above the other factors. expected national average growth rate. As explained in the pro- ceeding analysis of economic trends, the basic rationale for this diminished growth rate Is that the fundamental economic forces that have sustained the region's growth during that period now appear to have fulfilled their growth potential. This rationale Is supported by economic and demographic Indicators for the first half of 1985. A variety of Indicators - retail sales, now housing author- Itatlons, school enrollment trends, employment data, visitor Industry activity - consistently show a slackening rate of recent growth. The average 2.5% per year growth rate anticipates annual fluctuations above and below this rate. Kenai's Share of Rectlonal Growth Recent special census data from the Kenai Peninsula Borough shows an Important settlement trend In the central ;peninsula: ra owth outside the cities of Soldotna an ena�oupacina rowth within ttse cities. In 1 82, Kenai's populationof 5231 comprised 26.3% of the Kenai/ Soldotne region's total population Of 1986. By 1984, the city's share dropped to 25.1%. f� Prolected Population Table 3 provides a forecast of Kenai's share of the region's Population at five -yearly Increments. The clt" xp_ected to prow to o9559 le to ► the Cap 080, an increase of about 5RJ over _the 1984 eopulat on of 6176.1 There are two factors that could warrant an Upward revision in the basic forecast: (1) a strong rebound in crude oil rites and State of Alaska petroleum Incom and (2) a definite decision to roceed on the re ose D a or Chu tna cos ro ect. it the D amon -C u the project were to be developed, construction woul rise to 900 workers by the second year, falling to S50 workers In the third year. Construction would be complete by the fourth year. Operatione employment would grow to 640 people by the eighth year and remain at that level thereafter. Operations phase employees would work at the mine and reside In the Borough, Anchors and the Matanuska-Susltna Borough. Kenai's share of resident direct and indirect Population associated with the Diamond-Chultne project (Includ family msmbore) Is projected to reach 370 people by 1993. I IV Table a Employment and Population Forecast Kanal/soldotna Ares Fmoloymsnt Population Kenai/soldotna Kenal/soldotne city of 8olo! !3VAIgn Amal 1964 (WWII) 7694 24,64 6176 1990 sonzs,60o 7300 1995 10,075 54,300 Ono am 11,375 56,475 9W Forecast Assumptions: • No change In market outlet for energy commodities, I.e.$ crude oil, natural pas, and coal. • orop In state revenues and expenditures.. • slowing growth In Anchorage region population and purchasing power. • Maintain current Industrial employment be" In all and gas extraction (Including out• of• lon employment), commercial fishing and seafood processing, and petrochemical manufacturing. • support amour (trade and service, construction, transporatlon/ communcations/public utilities, local pbvernment, P.I.R.E.) maintains current $here of total employment, except trade and service sectors benefit from excenalon of visitor Industry. • Does 1g assume start-up of Diamond Alaska Co. ealuge coal project or new Industry plants to proeass/export natural pas. Foracest Factors% • Regional employment and population growth at over-ag&-aningAl rats of 8.for the forecast period. • Regional population growth allocated as follows A5J to SkiLot 1 e_nd, maintaining city share se per 1984 opeclel Censusl Except City of Kenai forecast to grow to 5.5% rate through 196e to allow for stronger short-term growth prospect#. CONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES Kenai has been successful in longer count "automatic" growth. marketing the community for new The economic prediction and economic ventures by making Indicators foretell a more moderst parcels available for development (but still healthy) rate of sconom within Its Airport Lease Lands. growth then the community has The city has also prospered as become accustomed to. part of the almost effortless economic growth In the region. Of thoso sources of economic In the future, based on recent activity that contributed to the economic trends and the economic regions rapid growth over the analysis outlined in Section 9, It past two decades, only the appears that the city can no visitor Industry appears likely to ;f ■ _4 "1" " 1 1 �1 ;l a 4 Es • _, have much growth Impetus. 11 i Even there, It must be recognized ' that growth in this sector is largely dependent on continuing growth in purchasing power and l; population In the Anchorage region, during a period when Anchorage's growth Is expected to flatten out. This forecast suggests that the ' a city will need to develop a more j conscious approach to economic development planning. Economic ' planning efforts will need to be disciplined by a realistic appraisal of Kenai's economic assets and by consensus on the types of economic development most suitable to the community. i 1. Promote a positive climate for new business development. The city should: j a. Prepare a "developer's package" containing appropriate summary i Information from the Comprehensive Plan, Zoning Code, standard specifications, and other ordinances, and procedures to be followed to Insure a timely and favorable review of development proposals. b. Conduct an annual workshop for local home builders, developers, cr banks, and civic and business groups to share Information on projected housing and commercial services demand, land availability, and pending public and private development projects. c. Maintain a tax strategy that satisfies local revenue needs without inhibiting economic growth, in anticipation of cutbacks In state and — federal revenue sharing. r 0 2. Prepare an economic development strategy and plan targotted on favorable economic opportunitles. The city should: a. Cooperate with the Chamber of Commerce and the Kenai Peninsula Borough, to prepare an inventory of commercial and business opportunities with high regional growth potential. Use marketing research findings to encourage expansion of existing businesses and to attract new commerce. b. Promote consolidation and infill of the support sector. Examples of appropriate support sector development include regional health care and •dual -use (serving both visitors and residents) commercial and public facilities. Those types of support sector growth can solidify the year-round employment base and, in some cases, upgrade the quality of services available locally. C. Continue to support expended air transportation services. Good air service is crucial for (a) resident access to out -of -region employment e.g., North Slope oilfiods and Beluga coal development; (b) promotion of tourism/recreational packages to the non-Alaakan sector of visitor market; and (c) the future growth of airport -related Industries (e.g., distribution). d. W6rk directly with managers of basic Industry to encourage local training and hiring. Promote resident access to appropriate out -of - region employment In mining (Beluga coal project) and all and gas operations. 3. Maintain the present policy of putting city -owned land into productive use by the private sector, but only when the public benefit can be well demonstrated. The city should: a. Establish clear economic criteria for release of city land, such as creation of jobs for local residents, expansion of the tax base, and compliance with site plan review requirements for commercial and Industrial land. ' b. Oevelop a Marathon Road Industrial park, served by city utilities end roads, to market sites for transportation -related Industries (see fig. 8, Transportation Plan for Road Layout). e. Avoid competition with private sector land sales by requiring that city land be sold or leased at fair market value; and that the potential purchaser or leasee of city land demonstrato why use of city property Is preferable to use of other comparable private property. d. Establish land management policies for retaining land In city or other governmental ownership which has high habitat value, but limited building development value. IV U 1 p .4� 4. Enhance the contribution of the recreation/visitor Industry to the city's economy. The city should: a. Support the Chamber of Commerce In developing a marketing plan to promote Kenai as a destination for out-of-state visitors. Emphasise development and marketing of "package" tours, providing all necessary transportation, food and lodging, recreational activities, and related services. b. Develop In -city attractions and visitor services to strengthen Kenai and the Kenai Peninsula Borough as a destination. Encourage and support private development of a wider range of visitor services, lodging, etc., In the city and the central peninsula. c. Promote state development of campgrounds and other Improvements and recreation attractions in the vicinity so that recreational visitors will have adequate, suitable rest and daytime use facilities and over- night camping accomodations. d. Promote year-round visitor activities such as winter festivals and other off-season recreation attractions. e. Encourage state or federal wildlife agencies to develop wildlife viewing facilities to encourage visitation. S. Encourage tourism to the historic Original Townsite by careful restoration of historic structures and by working with the tourism Industry. The city should: a. Support National Park Service funding for much -needed restoration of the Church of the Assumption (this Is one of two National Historic Landmarks designated for priority funding in Alaska). b. Approach all companies In North Kenai about sponsoring restoration of historic properties in the Original Townsite. A company could "adopt" a structure, restore It, and possibly obtain an investment tax credit. c. Encourage archeological Investigations of the Russian Orthodox Compound (perhaps by a program of Kenai Peninsula Community College) as a basis for accurate site restoration of walkways and fences). d. Work with bus tour companies to determine Interest and potential to Include the historic townslte facilities on their tours. 'a e. Encourage owners of historic properties to take advantage of low - Interest rate state loans for rehabilitation of historic structures. L t. Encourage commercial revitalization of the area by saieczive public improvements as proposed In the "Kenai Original Townsite Gevelop10 ment Options", 1985. g. Develop and Implement a slgnage program for directional, cam. memorative, and historic feature signs, In conjunction with road, park, and building rehabilitation programs. h. See also Guideline 10. L a � • r,9 WWI k; k 4 • • 4f f Y F Ill. LAND USE PLAN A. EXISTING LAND USE A CRY -of Nelchborhoods Kenai Is characterized by dispersod pattern has also tended to rein - pockets of development separated force the development of six by drainage ravines, bogs, and separate neighborhoods. the Kenai River floodplaln. These separate developable areas Potential for Growth have tended to create a city of Identifiable neighborhoods, each Even setting aside lands with with a somewhat different character. development constraints and land When asked, Kenai residents say In public ownership, Kenai Is they live In such neighborhoods blessed with a considerable as Woodland, Beaver Loop or amount of good privately owned Valhalla - not just "Kenai". land for future growth. Most of Natural Development Constraints Of the approximately 29 square miles In the city, about 19 square miles, or 67% has been Identified as having natural constraints to development. Some constraints are so severe as to preclude any form of development. These areas consist of the Kenai River floodway, riverbanks, and unique snow -geese and caribou habitat. Other areas, such as wetlands, may or may not be developable, depending upon drainage characteristics, aquifer, and habitat values, etc. Filling of wetlands for development Is controlled by U.S. Corps of Engineers permit, under authority of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Section E of this chapter describes land use policies for development In or near environmentally sensitive areas. • Ownershlp Most of the higher, better drained land Is In private ownership while the lower -lying non-developablo lands are In state, borough or city ownership. Public ownership comprises about 60% of the city (see Fig. 2). This ownership is r L the subdivided land In Kenai is still vacant; and there are approximately 2000 acres of additional private vacant land which Is developable but has not been subdivided. This figure does not include a large number of subdivided commercial and raMdontlml lots which have yet to be built upon. All neighbor- hoods, with the exception of South Kenai (Kalifonsky Beach Road lots are nearly built out), have land which Is either platted or could be platted for new residential or commercial development. City sewer and water service Is limited to the Spur Highway corridor from the West Kenai to East Kenai neighborhoods but development Is possible in non - served areas such as Thompson/ Valhalla pending approval of domestic systbms by the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation. W r �._... _ h t 1 t i• I lirlrl j. -I y Ij 0 8. LAND USE PLAN � The Land Use Plan for Kenai, of the year 2000. As shown In shown In Pip. 0, is designed to Table S, more than halt of the respond to development trends, land area In the city will not be natural site characteristics, and developed, since it falls within the community's attitudes about the Public Lands Conservation future growth. It assigns all and Parks Category. This - land areas In the city limits to category reflects public ownerships one of nine land use categories, which haws a variety of development 1 - based upon existing and emerging constraints, and land set aside patterns of development, trans- for city parks. portatlon access, availability of utilities and other sound plan- Subsequent sections of thin ' ping principles. chapter discuss guidelines for of residential, The plan allocates sufficient commerical, and Industrial land commerical, amounts of land for future and In so doing, also provide � commercial, Industrial, and the rationale for residential growth well beyond or these us tondo according for these uses. the Comprehensive Plan horizon Table 3 Lend Use Plan r LAND US6 ALLOCATION CAT.RGORV AREA (ACRES) _ QERCENT 1. Low Density Residential 1925 10.4 2. Low Density Residential - Water Served 1583 a.s 3. Medium Density (includes sane high density) $ISO 13.3 1. Central Business District 110 0.6 n- 5. Townsite 110 0.6 6. General Canmarelal 310 1.7 7. General Industry 1215 6.9 S. River -Oriented Industry 365 2.0 9. Public Lands Conservation and Parks 9800 53.6 Kenai River 18S 0.9 ' Principal Roads (Kenai Spur, Deaver Loop, Bridge Access) 1. Tow 16,00 100.0 L M a a C. RESIOENTIAL LANA_USF, Mixed Residential Land Use Demand for Houslne Kenai has developed with a mixture of housing types and Population p projections shown in densities and - In such neighbor- Table 2 indicate that Kenai will hoods as the old townsito - a grow by about 1125 residents by mixture of commercial and residential 1990, and perhaps by 317E by uses. Small highway commercial the year 2000. Housing demand uses may be found In close Is projected on the basis of an proximity to single family houses, average household size of 2.79 duplexes, and an occasional persons. The average household apartment building. While such size estimated in the 1980 census diversity is well -established and was about 3.3 persons. The accepted In the original townsite, 2.75 figure reflects a national It Is objected to in some other trend towards smaller households neighborhoods, where residents and a trend towards smaller and wish to maintain larger groupings higher density housing. of lower density housing separate from higher density housing and The table below slows housing demand b five by yearly Increments. commercial uses. In the spring of 1986, there are no neighbor- The projections do not take into hoods In the city zoned exclusiveiv account the fact that new jobs for gingle family dwellings. dory � i�u�oauu� Ity irarzslate into now housing, because some In 1984, Kenai had a higher vacant housing will be absorbed percentage of rental apartments (34.2%) than Soldotna (25.7%) before new housing is needed. It is difficult to determine how and a smaller percentage (53.5%) "soft" the market Is for new of single family houses than housing because no agency Soldotna (61A). This Indicates regularly monitors vacancy rates that Kenai serves a larger transient for apartments as well as houses. Population and necessarily has a higher vacancy rate when economic activity slackens. A high and continuing vacancy rate discourages building maintenance and contributes to depressed values of adjacent properties. Therefore, the city may went to carefully determine the amount and location of multi- family rental land use areas. b 3. dA R „ I� i ,i U O U r O •;air. �iixi 1 -. F 23 L �� �l r Table 3 Projected Housing Demand Total Housing Units Existing and Projd-1041 1 (1980 (Boroupf4 ( Projected`' ) census) estimate ) Single Family 3 1027. 1307 1532 1792 1937 Muld-Family 4 634 oes 1040 ties 1349 Mobile Homes s . 22 j ?�,,38 J _ O Total 1003 2448 2550 3W 3591 NOTE: An additional 133 dwelling units would be added by 1993 if the planned Dlamond- Chultne coal project begins construction in IM. t Type of Housing 19041 Single Family - 53.5% apartments and other - 33.5%, mobile home 11.01. According to Kenai Peninsula Borough "Situations and Prospects". 2 Total Housing Units Added it 2.75 persons per dwallingi poguig Incrges, ousin Osmsnge 1984 - 1990 1991 - 199s 930 345 logo - 2000 Toth 3 Assumes single campy units secounv ,br 59% of All new housing after 1034. 4 Assumes multi -family units account for 62% of all new housing after 1904. S Assumes that mobile homes account for 30# of 411' new housing after 1904. 6. Maintain physically separate neighborhoods In Kenai, and strengthen the "identity" of each neighborhood by encouraging development of public and private facilities. The city should: a. Restrict development between neighborhoods on lands witch have Identified natural hazards and sensitive habitats (pig. 3, Development Constraints) . b. Support development of neighborhood -serving commercial uses such as grocery stores and Irundromats In commercial zones. c. Discourage highway commercial uses In residential neighborhoods which have no direct service relationship to the needs of residents of the neighborhood. d. Encourage developers to provide landscaped play space and play- ground equipment for multi -family residential projects. e. Encourage pedestrian connections along collector streets, linking schools, parks, and commercial facilities (see IV, Transportation Plan). . L 1 i t i 1- J F 7. Strengthen residential neighborhoods by better control over the development of different densities of housing In neighborhoods. The city should: a. Establish a Low Density land use category (to 2 dwelling units per acre) for areas which are not now served, nor are expected to be served by city water and/or sewer systems for at least 15 years (see Fig. 4) . b. Establish a Medium Density land use category for single family and duplex units. C. Amend the zoning map to designate selected sites within the Medium Density Land use area exclusively for tri-plex and largerunits. d. Allow higher density units within other portions of the Medium Density land use area through provisions of the planned unit development ordinance. e. Allow mobile home parks on a conditional use basis only within the Medium Density land use category, f. Allow mobile homes only within mobile home parks. g. Create zones exclusively for single family housing, within the Low Density and Medium Density land use categories, responding to tho desires of some citizens to maintain a single family neighborhood character. Rezone %uhdivisions only upon petition and hearing initiated by a majority of property owners In an identified subdivision. h. Amend the Zoning Code to simplify residential zones and to bring the zoning map Into conformity with the comprehensive plan. 1. Discourage rezoning from residential to commercial use for lots which front on the Spur Mighway. j. Preserve existing housing stock by encouraging building maintenance through the process of systematic enforcement of the building code and fire code, particularly at time of sale. k. Protect established residential neighborhoods from Intrusion by Incompatible land uses (e.g., auto sales or repair, warehousing). 2s Y t,- U ...u�:;.: Ili`• � D. COMMERCIAL. LAND USE Existing Commercial Uses Commercial land uses are concen- trated In the core of the city along the Spur Highway and on such streets as Willow and Main Street Loop. Most automobile - oriented uses such as major hotels, automobile sales, gas stations and shopping malls have frontage on the Spur Highway. There is a generous amount of land In the central business district to accomodate new and Infill commercial development, Demand for Commercial Land Growth in the retail trade and service sector since 1980 has been dramatic. Retail sales grow by 60% between 1980-1984. Especially strong growth In such services as wholesale trade (up 145%), transporatlon/utilities (up 90%), and furniture and appliance sales (up 825%) testifies to the Importance of Kenai as a regional service center (Table 59, "Situations and Prospects", Kenai Peninsula most of which is zoned General Borough). Commercial . N©lghborhoods along the Spur Highway such as Wildwood, East Kenai, and Thompson Park/Valhalla have small commercial districts, each with a variety of automobile services, liquor stores or small businesses, which don't necessarily serve the needs of the Immediate neighborhood. The zoning for these commercial areas Is General Commercial, the same zone as the downtown area, but the residential neighborhood setting is quite different than downtown. Land use regulations should better reflect the differences between downtown commercial uses serving the region and smaller commercial sites in neighborhoods along the Spur Highway. td Table 4 shows a breakdown in occuplod groan squ-irA footage of commercial/business space as of the end of 1985. Demand for commercial land Is leveling off (see chapter 11) but remains strongest In the retail trade and service sector. Growth in this sector is associated with Central Peninsula population growth, rather than growth in basic Industries In Kenai. Table 5 correlates demand for commercial space with growth In regional population. Assuming that the present ratio of central peninsula population to gross floor space prevails, an additional 525,000 sq. ft. would be added to the existing Inventory by the year 2000. I! '1 I I. i i s , i L r •n o � , i a I , I I �• ! Table 4 Kenai Commercial/Business Space so% Squaxoe PJ!4& Stores Offices, Medical, Professional 8, Banks 309,906 271,828 Restaurants 50,708 Garages $8,631 Warehouse Motels (Including some restaurants) 256,214 52,934 Bowling 19,200 Hangers 36,596 Manufacturing & Processing 281,036 Misc. Total 1,376,440 Source: Kenai Peninsula Borough, March, 1986 Nntg* Excludoa upon lumber storage shelters totalling 8184 sq. ft. Table 5 Projected Demand for Commercial Space 1965 —1990 105- 20 Occupied Gross 1,094,804* 1,270,600** 1,434,978** 1,C20,460** Floor Space In Square Foot Central Peninsula Population 24,643 28,600 32,300 36,475 * Excludes fish processing space, which Is not expected to Increase. ** Projected on the basis of the 1985 ratio of regional population to floor space of 44:1. 2% ,4 P Pwl- TIM ` F znt ".7d { 8. Establish commercial districts suited to their highway, neighborhood, central business district, or historic district settings (see fig. 4). The city should: a. Concentrate commercial development at strategic locations along the Spur Highway, where traffic turning movements can be controlled and Impacts on adjacent neighborhoods can be minimized. b. Require that access to commercial sites be restricted to arterials or collector streets - not to residential access streets. e. Restrict any commercial development along Beaver Loop Road. Limit commercial development on Bridge Access Road to Industrial uses (marine Industry west side, general Industrial east side of Bridge Access Road). d. Enact a neighborhood commercial zone and designate selected neighbor- hoods within the general commerical land use category. Establish standards for buffering commercial uses from adjacent residentially - zoned properties. e. Amend the Zoning Code to prohibit on -lot storage of a primary use In commercial zones. Encourage storage of petroleum products, building materials, etc. In the General Industrial land use area. Require fencing of on -lot storage which Is an accessory use to a commercial land use area. f. Establish the adverse Inpacts of commercial uses on adjacent residential properties by requiring a fence and/or landscaping buffer on the commercial alto, under authority of a new "tranaltion buffering" ordinance. 4 9. Create a pedestrian -oriented downtown area with services and amenities different from other, more automobile -oriented commercial areas ✓ (see Rig. 4). The city should: a. Encourage pedestrian linkages to and through now public and private _) development by site plan review and/or special ordinance provisions. ,> b. Promote a mixture of financial, comparison retail, cultural, entertain- ment, recrestlonal, government, and office development In the central juslnsss district (COO). Create a new COO zone which discourages ° development of residential, automobile sales and service, wholesale and airport -related industrial uses In the COD. ' c. Enhance the commercial attractiveness of downtown by landscaping of - streets, parking areas and service yards, and Installation of seating areas, and development of parks (ass "Kenai Downtown Landscape Master Plan", 19850 and Landscaping Regulations, Ord. 1097-85). d. Sell or lease city land In the COD for commercial uses which generate stable, long-term employment end which comply with design guidelines established for the district. f 1 t ( i3 , I I �I e. Enact a site plan review ordinance for public and rf*Ivnto projects i within the COD to review pedestrian access, landscaping, parking, " and building orientation. Approval by the Planning and Zoning Commission could be a basis for lease or sale of city land, and for approval of a building permit. 10. Manage development of the Kenai Original Townsito Pe historic resources, stimulate economic activity, and enhance tourism. T e City should: a. Define the Townsito area as shown in fig. 4, and enact a compata le ij Townsito Zone, allowing both commercial and residential uses. The The I basis for site plan approval would be design guidelines dealing !; building height, materials, roof pitch, landscaping, etc., for all now development and significant redevelopment within the Townsite Zone. i�. b. Develop a now road circulation network comprised of Improved streets !� and designated local access streets, as proposed in the "Kenai Original Townsito Development Options", 1985. 4. AI q ' C. Establish a Town Square on city land between Cook and Peninsula !; Avenues, east of Main Street in the Old Townslte. d. Ensure that adequate off-street parking is provided by the Zoning Code, and that a parking lot is built for the historic compound. e. Work with the Kenai Peninsula Borough to establish the Townslte as an Area Meriting Special Attention (AMSA) under the pending coastal management plan. f. Establish building setbacks from the top of bluff In the Townslte to protect life and property from continuing coastal erosion (see Guideline 13d. ). g. See also Guideline S. '.- E. INDUSTRIAL LAND USE _. Kenai Is an employment center accounts for a third, minor for industries In the region, industry with its own particular such as the North Kenai Petro- land-uso requirements, In an chemical Refineries, but has few area now zoned Rural Residential. basic Industries within its city limits. Fish processing comprises During the last four years the largest land area devoted to (1980-1984) of significant population one Industry, located on the growth In Kenai, employment In Kenai River adjacent to Beaver the oil and gas and manufacturing Loop Road. This area Is, now industries (including fish processing) y( zoned "Heavy Industry" (IH). has actually dropped (see Chapter Transportation and distribution 11, Economy). At the same time, �! I is Its second Industry, with transportation and trade has warehousing and service companies grown significantly. Therefore, o ! crowding along the cost side of demand for industrial land is the airport on city -owned airport likely to be greatest for general lease lands (zoned "Light Industry" storage and distribution rather 00. Gravel resource extraction, than for manufacturing uses. mostly along Beaver Loop Road, 14 y 4, L 77. Establish Industrial land use categories and regulations which will direct industries to suitable natural sites with good transportation access- ibllity. (See fig. 4). The city should: a. Establish a marine -related Industrial land use category for areas on the Kenai River now used for port and fish processing uses. Amend the Zoning Code to strongly discourage non -marine related uses (such as general warehousing and petrochemical facilities) along this valuable waterfront. b. Establish a deneral Industrial ' land use category for the airport and airport -related transportation and service Industries, and areas In Proximity to the North Kenai petrochemical complexes. e. Amend the toning Code to establish a General Industrial zone, cor- responding to the Land Use Plan (fig. 4) and allowing manufacturing uses by conditional use permit. d. Restrict Industrial uses to streets with arterial or higher classification rather than to residential collectors or local streets (see Transporta- tion Plan, fig. 6). e. Prepare a master plan for city -owned waterfront lands on the Kenai River, emphasizing extonsloh of utilities and efficient land utilization. P. SITR PLAN RCVICW OVERLAY The overall land use plan and the development guidelines The Kenai River, its tributaries, outlined for various land uses In and contiguous wetlands have great value as natural habitats the preceeding sections provide a good foundation for the future for fish and wildlife. But they development of Kenai. However, also present hazards to some forms of development. As the they do not address particular natural resource areas and city prows and residential activity development constraints found Increases, development must be within each land use area. more closely controlled to avoid hese Intrinsic site o ortunitiee contamination of spawning areas, aquifers and domestic wells, and and co str_alnts m ose a d tTnal to minimize the risk to life and Mu remsnts on the use oland. property associated with con - Broadly speaking, these environmental son near erodable slopes, or In floodplatns. constraints cover two areas (see fig. 3, Development Constraints): Wetlands are defined as areas I. The lands bordering the g Inundated or saturated by surface or ground water, including Kenai River and Its tributaries. 2. Wetlands not continguous to bops, marshes and similar areas. the river or tributaries. Some bogs are Important as major drainage ways and must be so I� 1; ,t ti sf h i i i a J considered as sensitive to develop- ment as lands Immediately adjacent to the river or its tributaries. Other isolated bogs may not be essential to the maintenance of hydrologic flow, and sometimes mat be modified or filled, It approved by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The following four guidelines prescribe land use policies for these sensitive areas. The first guideline covers general principles; the second deals specifically with lands adjacent to the river; the third speaks to Isolated wetlands; and the fourth deals with drainage channels and surface drainage throughout the city. 12. Establish land use policies and regulations which will control develop- ment in areas with Identified natural hazards and/or sensitive wildlife habitats. The city should: a. Restrict development of permanent buildings and septic tanks In areas Identified as riverbanks, river floodplaln, tidal Inundation, and wet- land areas, and known feeding, waterfowl migration, breeding, and caribou calving areas, through land use regulations. (See severe constraints category, Fig. 3). b. Amend the Zoning Code and map to create a "conservation" zone for all public lands deslanated "Public Lands Conservation" In fig. d, Land Use Plan. c. Encourage clustering of development to retain environmentally sensitive or hazardous portions of properties in open space, through provisions of the planned unit residential development section of the zoning code. d. Extend roads and utilities to areas of future development which have the least restrictions; and conversely, avoid public funding for Improvements which may encourage development of hazardous areas. e. Avoid development, fencing or other activities which could affect or obstruct the seasonal migration or calving of caribou. (See Fig. 3). f. Update the Comprehensive Plan to insure consistency with the Borough Coastal Management Plan, when It Is completed and approved by the State. g. Urge the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities to facilitate the passage of juvenile Coho Salmon In Beaver Creek, through the partially blocked culvert under the Spur Road, In connection with Its plans to widen the highway. 13. Protect the Kenai River, Its tributaries and other environmentally sensitive areas from ground and surface water contamination and loss of fish and wildlife habitat by Seeclal rev ew of rive root develo mam. la e. The city should rotor applications for development to other responsible state and federal agencies and may review applications according to the following specific guidelines and procedures: 31 H n Il .� i V —F y } L ,ram':. - I'r�'_y" ... W.„ - -=�.;! �a., x _•.: ~;._� — -, ,;ems L F a. Establish a River and Tributary Development Review Area comprised of all lots with direct frontage on the Kenai Rivers ®savor Croak, or other tributaries with anadromous fish stocks, or other unplatted land within 300 feet of these water bodies (see fig. 4, Land Use Plan). b. Enact a Sit* Plan Review ordinance requiring Planning and Zoning Commission approval for a rezoning (conditional use permit) or building permit for all lands within the River and Tributary Develop- ment Review Area. Approval of a building permit may be waived If platting approval was granted earlier. c. Restrict any development In areas close to the RI er or tributaries. Identify In the new Site Plan Review ordinance "no build" area within which development would be restricted, using guidelines established by the State "Kenai River Special Management A.•=eo Plan". d. Discourage development adjacent to highly erodable coastal and river bluffs. e. Urge the Alaska Dept. of Environmental Conservation to enforce regulations (as part of Its review of Applications for On -Site Water and Sewer System Approval) restricting development of septic tank drain fields within 100 feet of the Kenai River or Its tributaries and contiguous wetlands. f. Participate in the National Flood In--ir:nce ^rear=#r f+f the federal Emergency Management Agency, 4tipulating that habitable dwelmowe hA built above th. 100 year floodplain level and Implementing that requirement through The Borough Subdivision Ordinance and the City Building Permit program. Require applicants for building permits for properties in or adjacent to the fioodplain to submit a topographic survey map documenting the limit of the 100-year fioodplain and flnlsh-floor elevations of all proposed structures. g. Prohibit the following kinds of activities on lots with direct frontage on the Kenai River: extraction of sand and gravel, peat, or other minerals, or storage of hazardous or toxic materials or fuel, through provisions of the Site Plan Review ordinance. h. Prohibit development of gravel pits, drainage ditches, house pads, subdivisions, Industrial uses, oiled parking tote, RV parks, ATV use and other similar uses In estuarine wetlands (s.g. Kenai River Plats) and contiguous wetlands of the Kenai RTverind tributaries. 1. Discourage development of access points tco the river which disturbs bankside vegetation or encourages erosion. Minimize erosion In connection with development of access points (see 17b, c). j . T . I 1 • .i 14. Discourage development In Isolated wetlands by requiring special review of development proposals within Identified wetlands. The city should: a. Refer development applications Involving fill in identified wetlands (see fig. 3, Moderate Constraints, Wetlands) to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for approval under authority of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. b. Amend the Zoning Code to create a conditional use permit process for lands falling within the Conditional Use Co servatlon category shown In fig. 4, Land Use Plan. Grant a conditional use permit for projects which receive a permit from the Corps of Engineers and which also meet other requirements which the city may establish In the new ordinance. C. Urge the Borough to adopt regulations In Its coastal management prograip to restrict drainage of wetlands and extraction of peat or gravel from wetlands which are Important to maintenance of ground- water and/or surface water flow. This activity is not covered by the Corps of Engineers under authority of the Clean Water Act. 15. Preserve and utilize natural drainage systems to the maximum possible extent, In orrlpr rn avoid floodinq, coastal erosion and undermining roads and other structures. The city should Implement the "Kenai uralnage Study", October 1982 Including the following specific recommendations: c. Restrict any filling or obstruction of existing channelized areas, such as the major natural ravines shown in fig. 3, Development Constraints, and designated Public Lands Conservation or Conditional 'j Use Conservation in fig. 4, Land Use Plan. b. Acquire drainage casements to construct Improvements and to protect natural channels from encroachment, fill, or obstruction. C. Require that roads constructed on fill in the Conditional Use Con- servation area (fig. 4), If authorized by the Corps of Engineers, allow unimpeded flow of existing surface drainage and groundwater. d. Remove or repair outfalls which penetrate the coastal bluff, causing severe erosion and undermining bluff stability, such as those In j Section 36 and In the original townsite. , II u 33 QS ".> > F G. PARKS AND RECREATION There are parks and playgrounds The Parks and Recreation Commission In Kenai, serving a variety of and the City Parks Department recreational needs for residents are responsible for development and summer visitors alike. and maintenance of parks. Overnight recreational vehicle Beautification programs are camping, which is controlled by implemented by the Beautification permit, is used not only by Committee. Both bodies are out-of-town fishermen but also advisory to the City Council. by construction workers. The Park programs are funded by city Is developing an 18-hole golf city property and sales taxes. course east of the high school. Indoor recreational facilities are located in the City Recreation Center and in borough schools. 16. Improve existing parks and develop now parks in response to the varying needs of residents (see fig. 5, Parks Plan). The city should: I. orepare a Parks and Recreation Master Plan, including an inventory and analysis of pnrb fne llitlas (building on th- o-"ri;: Inventory of March 21, 1984), a new survey of resident needs, and concept site plans for each park, cost estimates and. implementation programs. b. Locate new neighborhood parks and childrens' playgrounds (if any) central to and/or within walking distance of homes and possibly in conjunction with borough schools. c. Develop pathways/ski trails/bikeways at the top of slope along major ravines, by obtaining public access casements and, where necessary, acquisition of property (see fig. 6, Transportation Plan). d. Work with the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public facilities to control Indiscriminate use of parks (such as the Beaver Creek) by AlI-Terrain - Vehicles , by installation of barriers and development of special park(s) more suited to ATV use. e. Develop a park/publlc square In the large traffic Island on Airport Drive near the entrance to the airport, as suggested in the "Kenai Downtown Landscape Master Plan", 1985. 3y 6 d.A n =u :Jl "I f. Develop s small park In the vicinity of the port of Kenai for picnics, �x bast -watching and launching of small boats, if consistent with an . _ overall port master plop to be developed. (See Marine Transporatlon, _ Chapter V). Urge the state to develop caribou and snow geese viewing isreas In Kenai Flats, off of Bridge Access Road. rthe 17. Provide new and Improved recreational facilities for the use of t tourists as well as residents. The city should: a. Urge the State Division of Parks to take over ownership and main- tenance of Cunningham Park. Encourage the Department to expand - parking areas for recreational vehicles at Cunningham Park by possible acquisition of private property adjacent to the park and/or by grading. (Consistent with river protection guideline 13). b. Urge the state to develop a new RV park In conjunction with a boat launch, between Cunningham Park and Centennial Park in Soldotna. This will also help to reduce river running to fishing areas between i.. the two parks, which creates bank erosion. c. Upgrade the gravel boat launching ramp at Cunningham Park (consistent with Guideline 13h). d. Urge the state to provide waste disposal facility(les) for recreational " vehicles. e. Establish a perinit fee for recreational vehicle camping which funds enforcement of camping rules, maintenance, expansion of improvements for tourists, and enforcement of no -camping regulations elsewhere in the city. = - --- - - - - - 18. Enhance the visual qualities of Kenai, through capital Improvement i programs and required site Improvements for selected private development. The city should: ! a. Expand provisions of the landscaping ordinance to Include multi -family housing (e.g. 4-plex or larger units). d b. Prohibit clearing of sites for any commercial or Industrial development ii prior to approval of a site plan. C. Establish a "gateway" or city entrance buffer strip, with appropriate landscaping and welcoming slgnage, on both sides of the Spur Highway. (See fig. 4, Land Use Plan). y JS 4 ,�• . .. � • ..� ,.-,M �� .. -- -_` F •r _ i ' 1 j ;r � I F A ATION The state-owned and maintained acid Soldotna officials have long Kenai Spur Road Is the primary sought improvements and widening highway linking Konal to Soldotna of the highway to four lanes by and to NNW. It Is also the the Stag Ospartment of Transport - major route in the city linking ation and Public Facilities. The the most populated neighborhoods. department will begin a design The road is five lanes in width location study In early 1986. between Main Street Loop and Application for federal funding Forest Orive, and two lanes east for this designated "primary to Soldotna. route" could result In a 94% contribution to construction In the most heavily traveled costs. The timetable for imple- section of the highway (between mentation (assuming federal Willow and Main Streets) traffic participation) is 1988-92 for volumes increased by 18% in Phase 1 R.O.W. acquisition and 1981-82, and by 22% In 1982-83, widening, and 1992-95 for Phase to over 15,000 cars per day. If widening and construction. Volumes are now approaching a level (10,000 - 12,000 AOT) on Alternative access between Kenai the two lane segments of the and Soldotna Is provided by the Spur Road, which justifies Kenai River Bridge Access Road improvemmnte if aflefItlnnal traffic connecting to Kallfonsky Beach growth Is anticipated. Traffic Koad (both state highways). As Increases substantially outpaced contrasted to the Spur Highway general population growth during which has a right-of-way up to these years. 300 feet, this southerly route to Soldotna has a minimum right -of - During the period of 1981-84, way of about 100 feet. the state counted about 135 accidents along the Spur road in Local city roads Include paved Kenai, 23 of which took place In streets in the downtown area and the short segment between Lake In newer subdivisions. Many Street and Willow Street. Most older subdivisions have dirt or downtown accidents took place at gravel roads, with poor control Intersections; but left turns Into of storm drainage. Some collector - residential tots fronting on the standard streets are not paved. higher spend, two-lane sections Also, some neighborhoods have of the highway are also dangerous local roads which are Intermittently locations. To Improve traffic developed because there has flow and safety, traffic lights been no overall neighborhood were placed at Intersections of road planning and lot platting Willow Street and the Kenai (e.g. roads In the Bast Kenai River Bridge Access Road in neighborhood follows lots laid out 198S. on a 330 foot grid originally established by the Bureau of The Kenai Spur Road sub -base Land Management). Is in poor condition In some • • areas, resulting In large cracks The road network Is generally which are difficult to maintain. clear and well established. The Two lane sections of the highway downtown area Is particularly have unpaved shoulders. Kenai 39 1� ' { i 1 ;i 4 �1� 5 a a. well laid out for future growth, and the original townslte road network Is being Improved by vacatlon of some unnecessary road sections. ("Kenai Original Townsite Development Options", 1885). 18. Implement an overall Transportation Plan which defines circulation corridors and streets appropriate to serve all existing and future areas of development as shown In the Land Use Plan (see fig. 6, Transportation Plan). The city should: a. Develop 'street construction standards for the four present road classifications: Major Arterial (35 to 55 mph state highways), Minor Arterial (25 to 38 mph), Collector streets (25 mph), and Local streets (subdivision and cul-de-sac standard). b. Develop the six year Capital Improvements Program to extend and Improve streets in accordance with the Transportation Plan. C. Connect Willow Street to Marathon Road (realigned as shown In fig. 6) to serve a now city industrial park. d. Amend the subdivision ordinance to limit the length of cul-de-secs to 600 feet for reasons of traffic safety and fire access. •. Encourage development of collector accoss points to the Kenai Spur Road at intervals no closer than one-half mile. 20. Improve state roads and highways for reasons of traffic safety, pedestrian safety and efficient utilization of right-of-way and adjacent land. The city should work with the Legislature and the Department of Transportation and Public Facilities to: a. Widen the Kenai Spur Road to four lanes for the full distance between Kenai and Soldotna, as called for In DOTFIF19 six year C.I.P. b. Seek development and maintenance of state bike paths/x-c trails along the Spur Rcad, Beaver Loop Road, and Kalifonsky Highway (see fig. 6). ro, V ■ U o ' t � I c. Seek dedication of unnecessary state right-of-way to the city (s.g., section of old alignment of Spur Road In Sears parking lot; old = Beaver Loop Road in port area). t d. Install traffic signals on the Spur Road at the crossings of Main Street Loop (west end), Airport Way and Forest Drive as Justified by signal warrants. e. Cooperate with the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities to llfdlt access to residential lots along the Spur Road by . requiring that driveway permits be Issued only for access shared with adjacent lots, where feasible.:` f. Encourage DOTPF to purchase access rights to lots fronting on the + Spur Highway, If alternate rear lot access Is available. g. Urge the State Department of Transportation and Public Facilities to evaluate a corridor for a future Kenai River bridge crossing between „ Kenai and Soldotna (generally between the city limits of the two titles). _ h. Discourage development of a highway which would bypass Kenai to n � connect Soldotna and Niklski, recognising that limited highway design and construction fends should be directed to other, more Important projects. „ in. Uypradc andating molar streatc at government expense. Rely =+ - primarily on developers and residents of existing neighborhoods to pay for _ _ improvements to �ml_,,,nor streets. The city should: _ a. Improve or construct Major and Minor Arterial standard streets at + City and/or State expense. (See fig. 6). b. Enact procedures for developers to construct new roads In public , rights -of -way within new or expanded subdivisions. c. Require private developers to extend designated Collector -standard roads to serve their new developments, with paving (and sidewalks as - specified) and Intersection lighting built to city'standards, If the new road connects to an existing paved street of Collector or higher etandard. Amend the Subdivision Ordinance to require such . Improvements. d. Form assessment districts (LID) for paving streets In existing residential neighborhoods, where public water and sewer improvements exist or are not contemplated In the forseeable future, with the a benefltted property owners contributing a portion of the costs. t e. Place gravel on all dirt roads by 1990 at the latest. Pave all existing streets during the Comprehensive Plan planning horizon (year 2000) _ -r.. giving priority to roads of higher classification than lower classi- fication. 41 u. .V x Ift "1 43 F t. Establish priorities for extension of Collector streets through neighbor- hoods by establishing a pool of funds to be used to match local Improvement district (1.10) funding. The first priority neighborhood should be East Kenai, east of the high school and south of the Spur Highway. g. Widen existing roads In accordance with the long range Capital Improvements Program. h. Replace or Improve ditches and culverts at selected Intersections and roads identified in the "Kenai Drainage Study". I. Establish road construction standard; , specifying appropriate sub - grade materials, to reduce problems with weakened roads in poorly drained areas. j. Enact a Drainage Ordinance to require review and approval of a drainage plan for any now subdivision or major development project, following design criteria outlined In the "Kenai Drainage Study". k. Institute replatting of streets to provide replacement rear lot access to residential lots fronting on the Kenai Spur Road, It supported by a majority of property owners. B. AIRPORT The city airport is a modern, extended in 1985. The existing efficient facility, accomodating a reservoir to the wast of the signif gnt level of commuter air runway Is Inadequate as a float service operations, and seasonal plane basin, because it Is not air cargo plans shipments of visible from the control tower commercial fish. General aviation and It Is too short to accomodate tpcllitles are not well developed. full-servico float plane operations. The Airport Master Plan calls for The terrains; was renovated and construction of a new flat plane expanded In 1982 and the apron basin to the north, In closer proximity to the tower. 22. Make short- and long-range Improvements to the airport in accordance with the updated Airport Master Plan (see fig. _, Transportation Plan). The city should: a. Construct a new float plane basin as described In the Airport Master Plan and use the existing reservoir as an airplane mooring basin. b. Construct a new taxiway to connect the float piano moorlcr, basin to the existing runway. c. Develop areas for parking and tie down for general aviation aircraft, possibly on or adjacent to the fish -hauling apron. d. Set aside land for a possible new auxiliary runway to serve general aviation aircraft separate from commercial craft operating on the existing runway, and connect the existing runway to the now auxiliary runway with a now taxiway. A H T . C. MARINE TRANSPORTATION The port of Kenai, located near harbor, bulkhead, dock, barge the mouth of the Kenai River, facility and fuel facility. Initial consists of private docks, ware- development calls for a sheetplle houses, and all tanks. Fish bulkhead and dock, fuel facilities, grecessing plants are located office facilities, a boat repair ore and across the river. The grid, a crane lift and public city -owned portion of the port rest. ooms and showers. Additional consists of the old city dock and legislative grant funding is two new ramps for launching sought to obtain necessary recreational and commercial : permits and to construct the boats. Thera are no facilities facility. for fueling, repairs and staging, and no harbor at which to moor The city has little land free of boats or to effectively handle the wetland limitations with frontage unloading of fish or barge on the river. Therefore, the cargo. use of good land must be carefully Using some grant funding from managed to ensure that only uses requiring river access are the state, the city has completed located in the port area. preliminary design for a new 23. Improve the port to serve cuuniew-da: coW recreational boats and visitors to Kenai. The city should: o. Seek state funding for essential improvements to the city port, Including dock, fuel, repair, and public restrooms and shower facilities. b. Develop a Harbor Uplands Management Plan to Insure the most efficient use of land and river frontage, and adopt the plan as a component of the Comprehensive Plan. C. Extend water and sewer to serve the port. d. Limit land uses of the port area to river -dependent Industries (see chapter IIIE., Industrial Land Use). K A a i a V. PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES - Providers The city provides police and fire protection, emergency medical service programs. The city is services, sewer and water services, seeking a state -funded and run pioneer Home as one of Its key parks and recreation, street maintenance, senior citizens capital Improvement projects. services, and zoning, subdivision and building permitting. Municipal Private utility companies provide assistance, revenue sharing and telephone and electrical service. Glacier State Telephone Company sales and property taxes account for nearly all of the local funding serves the central peninsula. support for these services, with Homer Electric Association provides power from the Chugach Electric a minor contribution from user tees. Services provided by the gas generation plant at Belugs city to non -city residents are and Bernie Lake and Its hydro - electric facility at Cooper Landing. very limited and are more than made up for in sales tax revenues. - Resident Satistaction with City The borough, state, and private Services utility companies provide other services. The Kenai Peninsula Annual city surveys have polled Borough Is responsible for Kenai residents on their satisfaction education, solid waste, planning, with the quality of city-administared and the Central Q-.ninceiin neneral services. In the 2^88 Hospital In Soldotna. In 1984, services ranked "good" to "very 17% of the city's property taxes good" include the library (82%), were allocated to the hospital, airport (79%), fire protection and 40% was earmarked to the (74%), police (89%), emergency borough. medical services (646) , Senior Citizens Services (83e), animal The state is responsible for ! control (88e), sewer services construction and maintenance of (52%), water service (111%), state roads In Kenai ( Kenai -Spur parks and recreation (44%), and Road, Kenai River Bridge Access street maintenance (29%). Fifty - Road, Beaver Loop Road). The two percent of the sample sold state to also the primary funding they did not live on a paved source for health and social street. A. UTILITIES Service Providers and System Capacities. Utility systems In Kenai are In are now connected to the city good condition and capable of systems. Power supply Is adequate being expanded to meet needs. for the forseeable future from Water supply and sewage treatment the existing Chugach Electric capacity are adequate to serve generating plants, and from the all areas of the city, although only about halt of all residences to Owl. / - a L �J I planned 90 MW Bradley Lake hydroelectric facility near Homer. Power is transmitted via a good quality transmission line to residential and commercial customers In Kenai by Homer Electric Asssociation. Gas service Is provided by Enstar Company. The Kenai Peninsula Borough operates a landfill In west Kenai on West Redoubt Avenue. Since the landfill is located In a growing residential area, the city Is requiring the borough to replace it at a more suitable location In the Borough. The landfill site Is proposed for reclamation and reuse as a city park. A hazardous waste site Is also being sought by the borough to the Stvollnn Special Wastes Site, particularly w deal with disposal of petrochemical wastes such as drilling mud. The city has urged the borough to work with the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation to develop a hazardous waste disposal plan for the entire borough. Witter and Sewer Svstem Expansion The most Important utilities concern aCIVIIIone s t a need to ex and water and sewer ces Into Sow serve on -site systems. Contamination of wells Is posslble as residential densities Increase in these areas. And the lack of water supply threatens fire- fighting capacity, particularly In the high -value port Industrial area. F Between 1977 and 1963, it appears that the percentage of residents served by city water and sewer systems actually decreased, because most development occurred In unserved areas. Recently, however, city sewer and water service extensions have created greater growth than in unserved rural areas. Areas of the city without water and sewer service include the VIP Subdivision in South Kenai, Beaver Loop Road, Thompson Park/Valhalla and mostly undeveloped sections of West Kenai. Most of the cost for extension of utilities to serve new areas is now paid by the city, with the benefiting residents assessed an amount equal to about 25% of appraised property %;Aua. The residents' contribution will Increase as state funding for such local Improvements, which was generous in the period 1980.84, declines. There Is essentially no federal funding from the Environmental Protection Agency at this time. Given the high cost of trunk sewer and water main connections to neighbor- hoods distant from existing lines (e.g. Thompson/ Valhalla Is more than one-half mile from a sewer connection), the extension of water service alone might be advocated for health reasons, but there would still be ground- water contamination which could have an effect on aquifers and nearby strum quality (e.g. Beaver Creek). Therefore, axtenslon of water and sewer service to such growing arsai warranted. Fj In Y �n i r - F _ e .l F 24. Develop water and sewer services on a pay-as-you-go basis, depending upon funding from state and local sources as available, and the ability of the benefiting property owners to contribute to improvement costs. The city should: a. Extend water and sewer lines to existing neighborhoods through the Local Improvements District (LID) assessment district mechanism of financing. b. Extend water and sewer service to the high value port area on Bridge Access Road In order to provide fire protection and to facilitate more intense and efficient usage of the port. C. Seek legislative funding for a sewer main extension to Thompson Park Subdivision. d. Establish Low Density Residential land uses in areas which may not have water or sewer extended at public expense for at least 1S years, unless funded by the benefiting property owners. (See fig. 4, Land Use Plan). e. Allow on -site septic tanks and drain fields only in arcs classified Low Density and zoned Rural Residential. f. Extend sewer and water service to commercial areas and Medium and High Density housing, since distribution lines to Low Density areas are more prone to freezing, and city maintenance costs are higher. g. Urge the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation to Inspect new septic systems for compliance with approved plans. h. Discourage the Installation of Independent community water systems In areas not served by city water systems, which - If not designed and Installed to city specifications - could later become a maintenance burden to the city If the community system Is connected to the city system. 25. Provide a permanent solution to the disposal of solid and hazardous waste. The city should work with the Borough and ADEC tot a. Relocate the existing landfill to a more suitable location outside the city limits where wastes can be buried or processed by Incinerator burning. b. Develop a hazardous waste managment plan which Includes enforce- ment of laws against illegal dumping, and development of a hazardous waste disposal site outside of the city limits. IM r G. PUBLIC SAFETY Police Services The police department has 1S responses to routine matters has been reduced. The resident officers which provide law enforcement within the city population -to -officer ratio is relatively low (410:1) and should limits. The department is housed In the Public Safety Building be maintained as the city grows. with the fire department. Wildwood However, the department can maintain services at lower cost Prison has a pretrial fall which serves central peninsula cities by using community service and the borough. The police officers rather than uniformed officers to handle some calls. department In the Public Safety Building was expanded in 1984 Part-time summer staff can a and is expected to serve department enforce nuisance violations such as control of oft -road vehicles, needs to the year 2000. parking violations, etc. Criminal activity Increased by 200A between 1974 and 1984, at Kenai provides back-up pollee the same time pup i rubs services to the State Troopers, outside the city limits. It planned only 968. - Also, there have been no staff Increases since cut -backs In State Trooper services go Into effect In 1986, has but the number of calls has eased by Arising the Kenai Pollee Department crime rate is associated with cri could be burdened by greater on anit s staff, and Its demands It particularly rapid growth between overall quality of services to city 1981 and 1984, bringing a newer, more transient population to residents could ouster. Kenai. Since Juveniles accounted for 40% of people arrested for Fire Protection —• crimes In 1984, the city and Tho Kenai tire station is stetted borough are supporting state by nine full-time firefighters and funding for a local juvenile three administrative staff, and Is datantion ,onto. equipped with a 1800 gallon Resident satisfaction with pollee crash truck, three pumpers, and gallon The services remains high, with 69% vicestanke Insurance Services Office (ISO) I sur of respondents to •city survey services In rates fire protection services Indicating either good or very scale of one tr good performance= but the rate ten, on the basis of such factors i ton, anit he basis has fallen each year from • high h fa year as vehicle response times, water in 1881. criminal system, staff, building activity and nuisance calls have condition and height, atec.. The Increased, the level of police 5 Y III a - _ --21 1 L, • rating affects premiums paid by Individual property owners. West Kenai Is close to the fire station located downtown and is generally well -served by hydrants. This area has a rating of five, a figure which is average for a city of Kenai's size. It a number of buildings over three storles were built In Kenai, the city would need to purchase a hook and ladder truck, or risk lowering Its ISO fire service rating. Fortunately, the fire station was built with a bay, long enough to accomodate a hook and ladder truck. Areas outside a live -mile radius of the station have a lower fire The department operates with service rating of eight. These three men on a 24-hour shift. areas Include east Kenai, where This staff is Inadequate to the city limit Is seven miles from respond to a large lire. The the station, and VIP Subdivision, city would be better protected where the city limit Is five and by adding a volunteer staff. one -halt miles from the station. Also there are no back-up water Emergency medical services systems in place in these neighbor- (EMS) Include paramedic care hoods.. Additional fire substations provided by firefighters and In there neighborhoods would ambulance services to Central Improve vehicle response times. Peninsula General Hospital in Some existing equipment such as Soldotna or to thr Kemal airport the tanker would be moved to a for trnn-.fao to Anchorage hospitals. new substation. Addition of volunteer firefighters would also supplement EMS capabilities. • 26. Improve public safety services by selective Increases in staff and expanion of service 9reas. The city should: a. Increase the size of the police department to 18 officers by IMO maintaining the present population -to -officer ratio. b. Expand the use of paraprofessional community service officers for some administrative and clerical duties, and In areas of minor violations. C. Expand the fire department using volunteers to provide a higher level of protection to existing residences and businesses. d. Seek state funding for a new satellite fire station on a city -owned lot near Beaver Creek to Improve response times to homes and businesses In east Kenai. e. Consider better fors; protection to the VIP subdivision by developing a stsellits fire station and/or seek an cooperative agreement with the Kallfornsky Beach fire service are to provide areawlde protection. f. Consider city participation In a central peninsula areswlds fire, service district In order to provide more efficient service (at potentially reduced cost). s' 11 1 C. HEALTH CARE Kenai Is served the borough - owned Central Peninsula General Hospital In Soldotne, the Kenai Health Center, and the Central Peninsula Mental Health Center. The Kenai Native Assoclatlon operates the Medical Center and Cook Inlet Native Associatlon Council on Alcoholism provides an alcoholism program, both at Wlldwood. Finally, the Senior Citizens Center provides limited health care screening, and home services as part of Its social services. In addition, 12 doctors, 3 psychologists, and 8 dentists have offices In Kenai and Soldotna. antral -Penins Is Ge eral Hossita_l n Soidatne is the primary health care facility on the Kenai Peninsula. With a staff of 21 M.D. Is, 20 R.N. % and 13 L. P. N.'s, the hospital provides 24-hour emergency service, 43-beds, a tour -bed Intensive cure unit, and an obstetrics unit. recently, emergency room facilities were tripled In size, day surgery was expanded and dletary/nutritlonal services were Introduced. The hospital Is now adding an alcohol and chemical dependency unit and also has a cooperative program with Cook Inlet Council on Alcohol In administering such programs. With Improvements In facilities, bad utilization has Increased from 39% to S0% over the past year, with summertime utilization about 70%. Admissions are frowing at 10% per year, but npmtlant bad utilization Is growing at only 3% per year. According to the 1963 long-range plan for the hospital, additional doctors were needed, In the F areas of OB/GYN, ear, nose, and throat specialists, general surgery, Internal medicine, pediatrics, and family practitioners. Most of these positions have been filled. Assuming a 8% population growth rate to 1990, varying lengths of stay and varying market capture, 10 to 27 new beds would be ceded by 1990. Assuming a 314 growth rate after 1990, 18 to 31 additional beds would be needed by 1995 and 29-43 beds would be needed by 2000. Three growth rates exceed the Comprehensive Plan projection of a growth rate of 2.S year. A new long-range plan will be completed In early 1986. According to the hospital admini- stratlon, there Is still a nead to Kenai for a I'dmily practitioner's practice and an urgent care clinic. The Central Peninsula Mental Healt _C__on�tte_� In K 4 n a I pro- Od Wes counse ng, psychiatric, and emergency services. The cantor Is funded primarily by the State of Alaska with some annual funding from the City of Kenai. Its staff of 12 full-time and 14 part-time professionals is insufficient to most the needs of the community. Additional clinical staff and cooperative programs (perhaps with Central Peninsula Hospital) are needed to provide Inpatient psychiatric beds In Kenai. People now In need of such care must be relocated away from their families, to Alaska Psychiatric. Institute In Anchorage, for Instance. L. t Il' a u � S Ali ' iI yo: _ �l L The Mental Health Center operates out of rental space which Is Inadequate to meet the varied needs of the clients. Additional office space, play and social spaces are needed In a quiet, secure setting. The Kenai Care Center Is a residential treatment for Juveniles, providing counseling to children ranging In age from 12 to 18 years. The center has five beds for long-term care and five beds for emergency care. Additional social services needed In Kenai include rehabilitative rorams for sexual abusers, and 11dav care' or victims o Al:helmers Disease. Some of these programs are funded by the Department of Health and Social Services, but the city should support more state funding of local programs Instead of relocating patients to programs In other cities away from they families. Vocational Rehabilitation in Kenai provides services to disabled and handicapped employees. Its staff of tour full-time employees Is adequate to meet present demands, but will Increase In proportion to population growth. New office and vocational training space Is needed In a residential -type setting. Funding is obtained equally from federal and state programs. The Senior Citizens Center was comp eted n 1982. It provides a broad range of daytime social services Including health screening, transportatir-n, meals, home visits, etc. Twelve percent of funding comes from the city, with the balance from the borough, state and federal governments. Soldotna provides about 2% funding. Facilities and programs will need to be expanded in proportion to Central Peninsula senior citizen population growth. Low income housing for the elderly in Kenai includes Woodridge and Chuda House, both rent subsidy projects. A new Ewe —or Home has been proposed for Kenai, on the basis of a 1985 "Market Feasibility Study" for the State Dept. of Administration. Based upon demand and operating efficiencies, the home would be located in Kenai and would provide at least SO beds of which 30 would be intermediate and skilled nursing beds. The 26 residential beds would be designed for conversion to nursing beds as needs change In the future. The city would make available to the state a parcel of land with sewer and water service It the state were to build a Pioneer Home. The Kenai Peninsula Borough rated the $10.2 million facility as its highest prowrity for Kenai In the 1988 C.1. P. budget request to the State. The City of Soldotna formally supports the Pioneer Home In Kenai. 53 0 001 W V L The Mental Health Center operates out of rental space which Is Inadequate to meet the varied needs of the clients. Additional office space, play and social spaces are needed In a quiet, secure setting. The Kenai Care Center Is a residential treatment for Juveniles, providing counseling to children ranging In age from 12 to 18 years. The center has five beds for long-term care and five beds for emergency care. Additional social services needed In Kenai include rehabilitative rorams for sexual abusers, and 11dav care' or victims o Al:helmers Disease. Some of these programs are funded by the Department of Health and Social Services, but the city should support more state funding of local programs Instead of relocating patients to programs In other cities away from they families. Vocational Rehabilitation in Kenai provides services to disabled and handicapped employees. Its staff of tour full-time employees Is adequate to meet present demands, but will Increase In proportion to population growth. New office and vocational training space Is needed In a residential -type setting. Funding is obtained equally from federal and state programs. The Senior Citizens Center was comp eted n 1982. It provides a broad range of daytime social services Including health screening, transportatir-n, meals, home visits, etc. Twelve percent of funding comes from the city, with the balance from the borough, state and federal governments. Soldotna provides about 2% funding. Facilities and programs will need to be expanded in proportion to Central Peninsula senior citizen population growth. Low income housing for the elderly in Kenai includes Woodridge and Chuda House, both rent subsidy projects. A new Ewe —or Home has been proposed for Kenai, on the basis of a 1985 "Market Feasibility Study" for the State Dept. of Administration. Based upon demand and operating efficiencies, the home would be located in Kenai and would provide at least SO beds of which 30 would be intermediate and skilled nursing beds. The 26 residential beds would be designed for conversion to nursing beds as needs change In the future. The city would make available to the state a parcel of land with sewer and water service It the state were to build a Pioneer Home. The Kenai Peninsula Borough rated the $10.2 million facility as its highest prowrity for Kenai In the 1988 C.1. P. budget request to the State. The City of Soldotna formally supports the Pioneer Home In Kenai. 53 0 001 W V t! a• � :1 • i � µ � -12 ,. .. 4 `.... a. . 27. Expand services In response to general population growth and by targeting services to local needs. The city should: a. Urge development of a satellite hospital or now hospital in Kenai. b. Support the development of a private urgent taro clinic In Kenai. C. Support expansion of private family practitioner medical practice in Kenai. d . Support state funding for a new Pioneer Home for Kenai. e. Support state funding for additional staff at the Central Peninsula Mental Health Center in proportion to projected areawide population Increases, equal to at least two additional full-time and two additional part-time staff by 1990. f. Support state funding for local probationary staff trained to deal with convicted perpetrators of sexual abuse. g. Support state legislation and funding for daily care to local victims of Alzheimers and similar debllitative diseases. 0- SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND EDUCATION FACILITIES Kenai is well served by schools, The Kenai Peninsula Borough School a library, museum, recreational District operates four schools In center, and a senior citizens Kenai:-' Sears Elementary (K-3), center. Meeting spaces for Kenai Elementary (3-6), Kenai residents and visitor groups are Junior High and Kenai Central however, In short supply. The High School. Swires Elementary City Is actively pursuing develop- is a new school to be opened for ment of a new community center the 1967.88 school year In East to serve citizens and to stimulate Kenai. Portions of the West convention trade. Kenai neighborhood will be served by the planned Nlkiskl A new community center for Elementary and K-12 schools Kenai has been first on the when they are also expected to city's list of capital Improvement open at the some time. projects for 1984 and 198S. The facility has been designed to Enrollment has Increased by 20% serve the needs of social and in Kenai schools between 1980 civic groups as well as conventlone and 1985. The May, 198S enroll - Designs have been completed for ment was 1878. It rose to 1922 a multi -use facility capable of In October 1986, but fell to 1869 handling a 800-person convention. In April, 1986. Construction Is underway to double the number of overnight The District employs 124 teachers rooms In Kenai to over 200, and In Its Kenai schools, for a relatively the city Is emphasizing the need low student -teacher ratio of to expand winter and summer 1$:1. Bonds approved by the tourism. votors In October, 193E will fund a construction program to Increase the capacity of Kenai's schools from 2250 to 2750, adequate to '{1 ,1 J L { r ! 1 " O f 1 � i handle enrollment growth until about 1990, If 7 percent average annual enrollment growth occurs. However, recent short-term projections of the school district are for about 3.5% growth 1986-67, declining to 2% in later years of the decade - or roughly equivalent to the 2.5% per year long-term growth projections in Chapter 11 of this plan. The existing library is well -used by local residents. In the city's annual survey of resident satisfaction with city -administered services, the library rated first in 1985. In 1984, a $700,000 addition was made to the library. Historic buildings Include Fort Kenay, the Russian Orthodox Church, and a number of historic cabins. The "Kenai Original Townsite Development Options", 1985 describes programs for enhancing this historic district. 28. Improve educational, cultural, and social facilities with a particular emphasis on efficient use of existing schools. The city should: a. Work with the Kenai Peninsula Borough to set aside school site(s). Coordinate site selection with city park site acquisition and/or development (broadly in accordance with site planning principles stated In the "land Disposal Plan Section 3611, January, 1980). b.A'. Develop the planned Kenai Community Center. C. Improve the unique historic buildings and sites in the Old Townsite. (See Guidelines 5 and 10). k, V I. IMPLEMENTATION The Comprehensive Plan Is organised to highlight the steps necessary to carry out each of a number of oJectives for making Kenai a better city. thus, each chapter -- or element of the plan-- contains Its own Imple- msntatlon mechanisms. There are, however, other specific powers available to cities under Alaska Statutes to Implement Comprehensive Plans. They may be grouped as corporate powers and police powers: gorarate Powers (Acquisition Police Powers (Regulatory) and Development Construction of streets, water Zoning. and sewer facilities. Subdivision regulations. Acquisition and development Park dedication requirements. of parks. 0 Building and fire code Acquisition and sale or lease regulations. of land for commercial or other 0 Site plan review. purposes. Special new ordinances. Establishment of policies Participation In Borough or governing the timing of public State planning and regulatory Improvements (Capital Improve- programs (e.g. coastal ments Programming). management). Issuance of general obligation bonds. Athos Intergovernmental coordination. Public Information. Cooperative arrangements with private sector (economic develop- ment programs). Special studies (detailed area plans, feasibility studies). Annexation. Some of the specific implementation actions outlined above are listed under the Guidelines In the Comprehensive Plan (park development, tone changes, ate.). Others are discussed In . more detail under the sections which follow, dealing with administrative policies, planning and zoning procedures, capital Improvements programming and policies on potential annexations. 57 '1% UI . 1 A. ADMINISTRATION PROCEDURES During the last five years, the was nearly 25,000 in 1984. This ' central peninsula has seen significant figure contrasts with about changes in the structure of the 29,000 for the Juneau/Douglas local economy, population and area. The size of the central local government. Service peninsula demonstrates the " districts have proliferated as potentially more powerful role settlement has grown beyond the which the area can play in state h cities. affairs, if it presents a more unified position on issues of J The central peninsula is no growth and development. More longer an Area of isolated small cooperative Intergovernmental ' t communities and rural homesteads. planning among central peninsula + The combined population of the cities is needed to demonstrate �* .. census areas of Kenai, Soldotna, support in the legislature for the Kalifonsky, Ridgeway, Sterling, annual Capitol Improvements ° Tustumena, Nik W$ and Salamatot funding requests of individual j • cities. 1 t 28. Strengthen the position of the central peninsula In the Kenai a Peninsula Borough and in the State by cooperative planning among cities (Identical guideline established in the Soldotna Comprehensive Plan). The city should: � =t Work with elected and a• appointed officials from the City of Soldotna on - a periodic, formal basis, to establish joint policies on such Issues as r areawlde growth and annexation, regional road improvements, tourism j A . promotion, etc. . i . b. Approach the legislature with annual Capital Improvements funding requests which have undergone some form of review and approval by the City of Soldotna, In order to bring consolidated region -wide support to local C.I.P. requests. l� C. Participate In the Kenai Peninsula Borough's coastal management �. planning and Incorporate relevant policies of the adopted District Plan Into the next update of the city Comprehensive Plan. •ice - - - - .. _ 71 'J t ct IL w B. _PLANNING AND ZONING PR I URES Under Alaska Statute 29.400 first or second. class boroughs provide The Planning and Zoning Commission for planning, platting and land Is responsible for amending the use regulation on an areawide basis. Zoning Code and official map. This will be required to make It a city consents, the Borough Assembly may delegate the zoning map and code conform these powers to a city. Kenai has accepted zoning, but planning to the adopted comprehensive plan. Normally, the code should and authority for the Comprehensive Plan - remains with the borough. not be updated on a piecemeal 1 basis, because provisions of The city planning commission makes changes in the Zoning ; various zoning districts tend to be adapted to others, significantly Code and map to conform to the weakening important distinctions. Comprehensive Plan. A clear, well -written code Is The city council stands as a important not only for admini- board of adjustment on appeals from decisions by the planning nnAn strative simplicity, but also to stand any appeals or legal chal- and :delis commission. appeal from a decision of the lenges. Although most Alaskan communities have thus tar avoided council, to the superior sort such challenges, many other U.S towns and cities have been shall be heard soft on the recora established by 't ie nearing c40Rtl by dow"lop^P: Rnd Cltlynn'% officer, council or other body for vague and arbitrary decisions. (AS 29.40.060(b)). This means that planning and zoning commis- sions and councils must take pains to follow consistent procedures to Insure fair and unbiased deeislon, regardless of changing memberships. 30. Follow consistent, enforcable policies In administering the Zoning Code, pursuant to Title 29, Alaska Statutes. The city shall: a. Maintain careful records of all Planning and Zoning Commission and Council actions in support of judicial review of appeals. b. Take toning actions which are "In accordance with", or In conform- ance to the adopted comprehensive plan (AS 29.40.040(a)). C. Enact procedures and requirements In new or mended ordinances which arS within the realistic capacities of municipal staff, the Plan- ning and Zoning Commissslon, or other bodies to enforce. SO W 7 1, L 17 4 31. Amend and update the Zoning Code and map to ensure that they are consistent with the Comprehensive Plan, The Planning and Zoning Commission and Planning Department staff should: a. Work closely with the city attorney from the outset in rewriting the zoning code. b. Review the 'Intent" sections of the code to reference the Compre- hensive Plan and other specific standards which provide the legal underpinning to the code. C. Review the Conditional Use Section of the code (14.20.150) to ensure that vigorous standards are applied for approval of exceptional uses, and to create now requirements for implementation of the River and Tributary Site Plan Review Ordireance (see Guideline 13). d. Simplify residential zoning district classifications by amending the Zoning Code and enact new zones following actions outlined in Guidelines 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, and 18. e. Eliminate non -conforming uses over time, by restricting their modification, reconstruction, or expansion. f. Refer to the Technicid Appendix to the 1980 Comprehensive rrdrr (Zoning Ordinance Section) to guide in zoning decisions prior to complete revision to the Zoning Code. 32. Undertake special studies In support of regulations and Capital Improvements Planning. The city should: a. Prepare n Master Parks Plan (see Guideline 16). b. Prepare a Marathon Road industrial park plan (see fig. 6). C. Work with the visitor and recreation Industry to develop a regional tourism marketing plan (see Guideline 4). C. . CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAM Kenai Is relatively well served by new city facilities such as the recreation center, the new airport terminal and apron, the senior center, police and fire stations, and the library addition. Many streets have been widened and paved. Plans are underway to build a new community center, satellite fire station at Beaver Creek, trunk sewer lines and roadway paving. 60 These facilities have been built or commenced during the period Of 1980-1985, mostly with grants provided by the legislature from significant state royalty all and severance tax revenues. Since the state paid for city projects which might have been formerly funded by local taxes, it was possible for cities to reduce their tax rates. In 19810 the combined city/borough mill rate was 8.12i by 1984, It had been l� V 0 k. E I reduced to 4.36. At the some time, tremendous growth in residential and commercial develop- ment pushed the assessed valuation from $146 million to $242 million, an increase of 66%. ' The city also instituted a sales • tax which generates revenues not only from city residents, but also from the significant number of non-residents who shop and procure services in Kenai. Sales tax revenue, based upon a 3% tax rate, totaled about $1.325 million in 1980 and $2.112 million In 1984, an increase of 60%. These revenues help to lower the property tax burden upon city realo+ants. The net effect of present assessed valuation and tax structures in Kenai Is a city government on a good financial footing. Despite the solid financial position In which the city finds Itself In 1986, local tax ravenues are not expected to Increase as rapidly as they did during the first half of the decade, and state grant and revenue -sharing funds are being reduced dramatically. The city's Capital Improvements Program must be developed with realistic expectations about continued lower levels of state funding. Prudent planning will require that new capital projects do not overburden local tax- payers with high operations and maintenance costs and possibly unwanted or unanticipated Increase In taxes. The city's capital improvements planning and programming process Is established to systematically evaluate needed Improvements and ways of paying for them. The six -year Capital Improvements Program discusses projects, ranks them according to priority, and establishes development schedules for each.. It elto provides an estimate of project construction costs and annual maintenance and operations costs. finally, it Identifies sources of city, state, federal, and/or private funds for capital and operations costs. The plan Is updated annually. The Capital Improvements Program Is the single most effective tool available to the city to impplement relatively short-term provlslons of the land use and transportation components of the Comprehensive Plan. 33. Endeavor to maintain favorable tax rates and at the same time continue to develop necessary capital Improvements. The city should: a. Maintain policies to encourage forme of development which generate higher assessed valuations. b. Continue to rely on the sales tax as the primary funding source for local capital Improvements. c. Updsts the C.I.P. to Incorporate short and long -ranee 1mftmWs unt. Identified In various Guidelines In the Comprehensive 1 4) L L .. 1 ) i �� r :im Y APPENDICES A. DOCUMENTS INCLUDED BY REFERENCE IN THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN City of Kenai, Kenai Dralnage Study, October 1982, Quadra Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai, Water and Sewer Utilities (as -built plans) August 1979, Trans Alaska Engineering City of Kenai, Original Townslte, 1985, the Kaspirsin Design Group. Kenai Peninsula Borough, Situations and Prospects, April 1, 1986. Kenai Peninsula School District, Enrollment Projections and School Construction Needs, May 8, 198S. It 1