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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2016-06-23 Planning & Zoning Packet - Work SessionAGENDA PLANNING & ZONING COMMISSION WORK SESSION JUNE 23, 2016 6:30 P.M. – 10:00 P.M. KENAI CITY COUNCIL CHAMBERS 210 FIDALGO AVE., KENAI, AK 99611 http://www.kenai.us/compplan2016 A. Call to Order B. Introduction and Presentation of Chapters 1 – 6 for 2016 City of Kenai Comprehensive Plan (City Planner, Matt Kelley and Elizabeth Benson, Planning Consultant) C. Public Comment (Public comment limited to three (3) minutes per speaker; thirty (30) minutes aggregated) D. Planning and Zoning Commission Discussion E. Adjournment All meetings are open to the public and participation is encouraged. Agendas and supporting documents are posted on the City’s website at www.ci.kenai.ak.us. For additional information, please contact the Planning and Zoning Division at 907-283-8235. 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How es reflect cu UM: oning Comm y Planner Work Sessio tion is to int e to the Plan ion staff pre e Plan. Staf ound Inform ngly, based e Section 4.3 e two sectio om the Kena e, staff has u 17 budget ast of Econ on will cha 4 has also b nance Depar f would like t n. In addition ese definition Work Sessio Table 14, st ential to rem Land Use Ma Land Use P ap and the wever, the L urrent zoning 210 Fidal Telephon mission on troduce a re nning and Zo sented the C ff received d mation) and on these co 3 – Populat ons have be ai Peninsula updated the data. With omy, Popu nge depend been update rtment. to present a n, Staff woul ns have bee n as well as taff has revis move confus ap (Map 7) Plan. This Land Use Land Use Ma g. lgo Avenue ne: 907-283 evised draft o oning Comm Commission direction from Chapter 5 ( omments. S tion, Educat een updated a Economic information regards to C lation and ding on the d with comm a revised pro ld also like t en updated t s public com sed the defi sion with th staff has re is recomm Map are rel ap should b e, Kenai, Ala 3-7535 / FA of Chapters ission. n with update m the Comm (Land Use P Some items o tion and Ho d to reflect t Developmen contained w Chapter 4, s Housing D e adopted ments from t oposed Land o present a to reflect rev mments rece nition of Ru he Rural Re evised its na mended so lated in that e consistent aska 9961 AX: 907-283 1 through 6 ed draft Cha mission rega Plan). Staff of note that using as we the most cu nt District as within Sectio staff would li emand with Land Use the Public W d Use map revised Tab visions reque ived at the T ral Resident esidential Zo ame to now that the re t they shou t with the Zo 1-7794 3-3014 6 of apters arding ff has have ell as urrent s well on 4.6 ike to h the map, Works (Map ble 14 ested Town tial to oning read eader ld be oning For the convenience of the Commission, staff has presented the Land Use map as an 11x17 so that it is eaiser to read. With regards to the propsed edits, staff recommends that a Land Use classification on Airport Light Industrial be added and those parcels with the newly created Airport Light Industrial Zoning District be included in it. Staff has revised the Land Use Map in several areas, and we would like to discuss these revisions with the Commission at the Work Session. As presented, many of the parcels which were proposed to be revised to Mixed Use along the Kenai Spur Highway and K-Beach Road have been placed into Suburban Residential and Low Density Residential. This has been done because the definition of these two land uses has been expanded to reflect current zoning for consistency. Furthermore, comments received from members of the public have been negative with regards to placing many of these parcels into Mixed Use. While staff understands that Mixed Use is residential and not commercial and the definition of Mixed Use has been added to reflect this, it seems more appropriate, that Mixed Use be reserved for those parcels with are zoned Limited Commercial and Central Mixed Use. Staff will present the proposed Land Use map in a large paper format with the Commission at the Work Session. Staff will also present the Zoning Map in a large paper format at the Work Session to help facilitate the discussion with the Commission regarding Chapter 5 and the Land Use Map. At the Work Session, staff also anticipates presenting comments received from Administration with regards to all 6 chapters of the draft 2016 Comprehensive Plan.   Thank you for your consideration.  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 1 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft The 2016 City of Kenai Comprehensive Plan (Plan) updates the City’s 2003 Plan, includes revisions adopted from 2011‐2013 and incorporates much of the information developed during the Draft 2013 Your City, Your Plan effort. The Plan guides development in the community and provides important information about the population, environment, economy, transportation, and land use. The City of Kenai1 is located within the Kenai Peninsula Borough on the west side of the Kenai Peninsula (Map 1). The City shares planning functions with the Kenai Peninsula Borough (Borough). While the Borough retains authority for ultimate planning powers, it has delegated authority to the City to adopt land use plans and to enact and enforce zoning and land use regulations. Zoning involves designation of different types of land use districts that govern how land can be used. The Plan must be adopted by both the City of Kenai and the Borough. The Kenai Peninsula Borough retains platting authority and record keeping, which includes approval of plats that indicate the location, boundaries and ownership of properties. 1 Throughout the plan, the City of Kenai is referred to as Kenai or the City. Chapter 1: Introduction  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 2 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft The remainder of this introduction explains the purpose of comprehensive planning followed by a description of how the 2016 Comprehensive Plan is organized. 1.1 Purpose of Comprehensive Planning The comprehensive plan serves several purposes. Fulfills Legal Obligations. Alaskan communities must have an adopted comprehensive plan before they may adopt land use regulations such as a zoning ordinance. Increasingly, state and federal agencies require a plan as a condition of receiving grants. Provides a Vision of the Future. The plan contains long‐range goals, objectives, and policies that describe how, where, and in what manner physical development of the community will occur. The plan contains a map depicting intended land use by both type and location. The plan also links together physical development with considerations about social needs and economic development. Serves As a Decision‐Making Tool. The plan is a guide for decision‐making by both appointed and elected officials. Promotes and Supports Economic Development. The process for creating, adopting, and implementing the comprehensive plan allows Kenai residents and decision‐makers to examine alternatives and choose courses of action that can promote employment and economic well‐being. Serves a Coordinating Function. The plan provides an opportunity to coordinate a wide range of municipal activities, such as land use, utilities, recreation, and transportation. 1.2 Goals of the Plan This section presents the 8 general goals of the plan that have been carried forward from the Draft 2013 Plan. Public participation helped shape the goals to reflect the vision and direction of the community’s residents (see Appendix X). Chapter 6 includes the details on goals and objectives. Goals are broad statements of the City’s long‐term desired outcomes. Objectives are “operational” guidelines used to determine whether a proposed project or program advances community values expressed in the goals. Goal 1 ‐ Quality of Life: Promote and encourage quality of life elements in Kenai. Goal 2 ‐ Economic Development: Provide economic development elements to support the fiscal health of the community.  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 3 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft Goal 3 ‐ Land Use: Use land use strategies to implement a forward‐looking approach to community growth and development. Goal 4 ‐ Public Improvements and Services: Provide adequate public improvements and services in Kenai. Goal 5 – Transportation: Provide transportation systems that are efficient and adequate to serve the regional needs of the community. Goal 6 – Parks and Recreation: Ensure that Kenai has excellent parks and recreational facilities and opportunities. Goal 7 ‐ Natural Hazards and Disasters: Prepare and protect the citizens of Kenai from natural hazards and disasters. Goal 8 – Environmental Resources: Protect and enhance the natural resources and environment of the community. 1.3 How to Use this Plan This plan provides a guide for implementation of the City of Kenai’s planning and zoning responsibilities and its role in improving the quality of life for its citizens. Flexibility in implementation of the plan is necessary to take advantage of new opportunities and unforeseen circumstances. Plan implementation means to take action to realize the proposed planning goals and objectives. Implementation measures can range from revised city land ordinances and regulations to broad policy initiatives to capital improvements and upgraded city services. The Plan is organized into six chapters.  Chapters 1 – 4 provide introductory material and the context for the goals and objectives.  Chapter 5 describes the land use classifications and includes the land use map.  Chapter 6 describes the goals and objectives that form the basis for the land use plan and implementation. The references at the end of the plan identify studies, reports and other sources of information, and the appendices provide useful additional information. Appendices to Be Determined  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 5 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft City of Kenai Mission Statement To serve the citizens of Kenai through listening and leading; to promote growth and continually improve services by balancing the wishes of the community with responsible management. Kenai is located at the mouth of the Kenai River on the west side of the Kenai Peninsula. Kenai incorporated as a home rule city in 1960, and it became part of the Kenai Peninsula Borough when the Borough incorporated in 1964. The City of Kenai adopted the council‐manager form of government in 1963 and has been operating under this form since that time. The Council sets the overall policy for the City. The City Manager provides day‐to‐day management. The Council, which consists of the Mayor and six council members, is elected at large and on a non‐partisan basis. A Kenai Central High School student serves in an advisory capacity and casts an advisory vote. In addition to the City Manager’s office, other departments include Finance, Legal, Clerk, Public Works, Airport, Police, Fire, Animal Control, Parks and Recreation, Library, Senior Services, and Planning. The remainder of this Chapter provides information on city powers, the Planning and Zoning Commission, and the context for planning. 2.1 Powers of the City As a home‐rule city, Kenai may exercise all legislative powers not prohibited by law or charter as provided by Title 29 of the Alaska Statutes. Except as otherwise provided in the city’s Charter, all powers of the City, including determination of all matters of policy, are vested in the City Council. The City of Kenai provides a variety of services to its residents, including road construction and maintenance, port and harbor facilities, police and fire protection, emergency medical services, water and sewer utilities, airport, parks and recreation, library, senior services, and animal control. Chapter 2: City of Kenai – Mission, Powers, Identity  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 6 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft As a second‐class borough under Title 29 of the Alaska statutes, the Kenai Peninsula Borough provides for planning, platting, and land use regulation. Title 29 provides that the Borough may delegate any of its powers and duties to a city. In June 1984,2 the Kenai Peninsula Borough delegated zoning powers to the City of Kenai and in May 1990,3 the Borough delegated authority to the City to enact land use plan amendments to the comprehensive plan. With this delegation, the City of Kenai assumed the authority to enact and enforce zoning and land use regulations and to adopt a comprehensive plan. The Borough must adopt the city’s comprehensive plan and any major amendments to it. The Borough retains ultimate planning and platting authority (i.e., the approval of land subdivisions) after review and recommendation by the City of Kenai Planning and Zoning Commission. 2.2 Planning and Zoning Commission Title 14 of the Kenai Municipal Code assigns several key planning functions to the 7‐member Planning and Zoning Commission. Planning and Zoning Commission duties are to:  Assist with preparation of, reviewing, and approving the City’s comprehensive plan and other local plans; and, 2 Kenai Peninsula Borough Ordinance 84‐40. 3 Kenai Peninsula Borough Ordinance 90‐31.  Interpret and administer the zoning and subdivision code, which includes the approval/disapproval of conditional use permit and variance applications. The Commission advises the City Council on:  Recommendations on plan adoption, plan amendments, and rezones to the City Council;  Amendments to the Zoning Code and Map;  Capital Improvement Plans;  Petitions for lease or sale of city and airport land; and  Propose plans for rehabilitation or redevelopment of areas within the city. The Commission advises the Kenai Peninsula Borough Planning Commission on:  City of Kenai Comprehensive Plan amendments;  Rezones of land;  Proposed subdivision plats; and,  Petitions for right‐of‐way and easement vacations. City staff supports the Planning and Zoning Commission by providing services in the areas of planning, zoning, historic preservation, code enforcement, land management, and geographic information services (GIS). Staff also acts as liaison to the Planning and Zoning Commission.  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 7 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft 2.3 Context for Planning The City of Kenai has a long history of planning its future development. The first Comprehensive Plan developed in 1962 has been updated or revised six times including the 2011‐2013 revision. Table 1 lists each plan revision since 1962, including efforts that were not adopted. Table 1: Previous Comprehensive Plans Year Main Features of the Plan 1962 Kenai’s first plan was prepared shortly after the City incorporated in 1960 with 778 residents. At that time, most development was clustered around Old Kenai. The oil and gas industry was in its infancy and optimism abounded. The City was growing rapidly, and population was forecast to reach 13,350 by 1980. The plan stressed land development and basic infrastructure and proposed Kenai’s first planning ordinances. 1965 The transfer of the airport from the federal government to City ownership in 1963 prompted an update of the 1962 plan. The new plan proposed development of a major new public office and commercial district on surplus airport property in central Kenai, creation of a historic district for Old Kenai, a Kenai River bridge, a new regional jetport south of the river, and a Northwest Coastal Highway to a Turnagain Arm Crossing. This plan assumed a scaled‐down forecast of 5,275 residents by 1980. 1980 Kenai saw several boom‐bust cycles during the 1960s and 1970s. The 1980s plan was prepared after the Trans‐Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) construction boom and after several offshore oil and gas lease sales in Cook Inlet. It forecast 6,140 residents by 1990, plus another 4,530 persons if there were significant new oil and gas discoveries. In response to Kenai’s sprawling growth, the plan emphasized central business district development and the emergence of distinctive residential neighborhoods. Reflecting the spirit of its time, this plan presupposed an activist city government and stressed environmental considerations. 1992 (rev 1996) After the mid‐1980s recession, Kenai geared down its growth and development expectations. This plan assumed a year 2000 population of 8,150 persons. Reviving the local economy was a major planning goal. Ambitious development projects gave way to incremental improvements to city infrastructure, better planning administration and management of the City’s land base. 2003 The 2003 plan responded to a changing economy characterized by a period of slow growth, a diminishing role of commercial fisheries and a declining oil and gas industry. The plan included provisions to revitalize the city center and develop the Millennium Square property. The plan included an estimated growth rate of 25% by 2025. 2013 Draft Imagine Kenai 2030 prepared as an update to the 2003 plan. Plan included updated socioeconomic information, revised goals and objectives, and new land use recommendations. The plan was approved by the P&Z Commission and City council but was defeated by voters in a ballot measure in 2014. The 2016 plan builds upon information gathered from previous planning efforts by the city and borough (Table 2). To the extent feasible and appropriate, the 2016 plan uses the relevant information from the 2013 draft plan and existing 2003 plan. A full citation for the plans listed in Table 2 can be found in the references section.  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 8 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft There are a number of social, economic and geographic characteristics that make the city a desirable place to live, work and play.  The City of Kenai lies within a rich natural setting above the Kenai River overlooking Cook Inlet, with views of Redoubt and Iliamna volcanoes and the distant Chigmit Mountains.  Physical development patterns are logical, given physical constraints such as undevelopable wetlands.  A variety of land types is available for future growth.  The local economy is diversified, there is a well‐qualified work force, and wages are competitive.  The city government is in excellent financial condition.  Residents enjoy a choice of residential neighborhoods and lifestyles.  Basic public facilities and services are in good condition and provided at levels acceptable to most residents.  A variety of world‐class outdoor recreation opportunities are available to residents and visitors, including the Kenai River, Cook Inlet, State lands, and Kenai National Wildlife Refuge. Table 2: Documents Related to the Comprehensive Plan Planning Document Year Entity Kenai Municipal Airport Master Plan 2016 City of Kenai & Airport Commission Draft City of Kenai All Hazards Mitigation Plan 2016 City of Kenai Draft Parks and Recreation Study 2011 City of Kenai Draft City of Kenai Trails Plan 2011 City of Kenai, Casey Planning & Design City of Kenai Annex to the Kenai Peninsula Borough Local All Hazard Mitigation Plan 2010 City of Kenai Kenai Peninsula Borough Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy 2010 Kenai Peninsula Economic Development District Kenai Peninsula Borough Coastal Management Plan* 2008 Kenai Peninsula Borough Kenai Municipal Airport Supplemental Planning Assessment 2007 City of Kenai Kenai Economic Development Strategy 2006 City of Kenai with AmeriCorps VISTA Kenai Peninsula Borough Comprehensive Plan 2005 Kenai Peninsula Borough Kenai Wastewater Facility Master Plan 2004 City of Kenai Kenai Comprehensive Plan 2003 City of Kenai with Kevin Waring Associates Kenai Peninsula Borough Transportation Plan 2003 HDR Alaska, Inc. in association with Kittelson & Associates Kenai Area Plan 2001 Alaska Department of Natural Resources Kenai Peninsula Borough Trail Plan 1998 Kenai Peninsula Borough Kenai River Comprehensive Management Plan 1998 Alaska Department of Natural Resources Kenai Municipal Airport Master Plan 1997 City of Kenai Kenai Municipal Airport Master Plan Update ** 2016 City of Kenai City of Kenai All Hazard Mitigation Plan 2016 In‐progress *The Kenai Peninsula Borough Coastal Management Plan is no longer enforceable because the Alaska Coastal Management Plan terminated on July 1, 2011. **An update of the Airport Master Plan began in 2011.  2W2 Tdwds AIpmdr 2016 City Kenai CWorksession #3 D2.4 Kenai’The City of Kendistinctive comworld‐class recdevelopment, astatus as an AllAs the City of KIn the 1960s, 1pace with headmost populousdevelop new suresidents. Comprehensive PDraft ’s Identity nai’s name and mmunity with Dcreational fishinand spectacular‐America City i KenaCity wcommcolortomo Kenai has matur970s, and earlydlong growth as city. The develubdivisions andPlan City logo signifDena’ina and Rung, offshore enr mountain vistin 1992 and 20ai’s motto – “Vilwith a future” –munity’s apprerful history andorrow. red, its challengy 1980s, Kenai s it became thelopment priorid basic infrastrfy a unique andussian roots, nergy resource tas. Kenai earn011. llage with a pas– affirms the ciation for its d its ambitions ges have changstruggled to ke Kenai Peninsuty then was to ructure for new 9 d ed st – for ged. eep ula’s w Todproquavisidemincedudes In rcenstotheis warisfor servisiday, more modovides an opporality of life for iitors. Followingmographics havrease in the nuucation attainmsirable locationrecent years, thnter for commeres. While the e Agrium fertilizwell‐positionedse from the sigoil and gas in trvices provide oitor industry. derate growth ortunity for the its citizens andg a national treve resulted in aumbers of senioment and reasonn for new businhe community herce with the adlocal economyzer plant in 200d to take advantnificant increasthe region. As wopportunities f of the populatioCity to continu a positive expeend, the commua decrease in stor citizens. An inable wages mnesses. has continued iddition of severy was affected b08 and Lowes itage of new opses in the estimwell, the City’s lfor growth as a June 23, 2016 on and economue improving therience for its unity’s tudents and an increase in make Kenai a its role as a ral large retail by the closure oin 2011, the Citportunities thamated reserves location and center for the my he of ty at  2P AwperstAuo BoomWaAr 2016 City Kenai CPublic Hearing DAlaska Natives written historypractice their reconomic and srecognized Kenseparate Tribalthe City of KenaAssociation andunder the 1971operate in the CBoth the Salamof Athabascan Iother Athabascmarine waters,Water River") oalso called DenAlaska. Today trevitalize the DChapter Comprehensive Praft have lived on ty. Today, Alaskarich cultural trasocial benefits tnaitze and Salaml Councils, and ai. In addition td the Salamato1 Alaska NativeCity. matof and KenaiIndians that occans, the Dena’i, and their namor Nuti ("Saltwna’ina, is one of the Kenaitze TrDena’ina languar 3: KenPlan the Kenai Peninan Native peopaditions and prto the region. Tmatof tribes arboth Tribes mato the Tribes, thf Native Corpore Claims Settlemitze people are ccupy Southcenina traditionallme for Cook Inlewater"). The tradeleven Athabaribe is undertakage. nai’s Natnsula long befople continue to ovide considerThe federally‐re governed by aintain offices ihe Kenai Nativeration, organizment Act (ANCSDena’ina, a brantral Alaska. Unly lived close toet is Tikahtnu (ditional languascan languagesking efforts to tive Com 10 ore rable in es zed SA), anch nlike o "Big age, s in KenrecfedundReo(IRam193Trilivegovbylemgenenvpro 4 Thwhirelaand201mmunitynaitze Indian cognized by thederal governmeder the Indian organization AcRA) of 1934 (as ended for Alas36).4 Many of thbe’s 1,236 meme on the Kenai Pverns the Tribeaws, ordinanceployer in the renerates a signifvironmental, heograms. It mana he Kenaitze Indianich means it is recationship with thed services from the10 and 2012). y Tribe: The Kee ent ct ka in he mbers Peninsula. An ee in accordancees, and resolutiegion, with oveficant part of thealth, social, cuages the Dena’i n Tribe is on the lisognized as having United States ande Bureau of Indianenaitze Indian Telected Executie with the Tribeions. As the tener 100 employehe local economultural, and eduina Health Clinst of federally‐recg a government‐tod that it is eligible n Affairs (Bureau oJune 2016 Tribe is ve Council e’s constitutionnth largest ees, the Tribe my. It manages ucational ic, the Dena’inacognized tribes o‐government to receive fundinof Indian Affairs n, a g  2Pstd TsTaJp Dript2016 City Kenai CPublic Hearing Dsite. In additionthe Kenaitze Trdistributes salmThe Kenaitze Insovereign authTribal Council. appointed by thJudge. The Tribprocedures of tDuring meetingrepresentativesinterest in deveplace names. Thto fund this initComprehensive Praft n to health, eduribe operates amon among tribndian Tribe opeority and undeThe Court conshe Tribal Counbal Court Code the Court. gs on the Comps from the Keneloping maps ahe Kenaitze Indtiative. Plan DthCDTcohcethcopucational and cu subsistence fisbal members. erates a Tribal er the oversightsists of a panelcil, and the Cououtlines the strprehensive Planaitze Indian Trand signage to rdian Tribe is inDental Clinic anhe Nakenu FamCenter in Kenai.During 2012, thTribe began onstruction of health and wellnenter in Old Tohat will onsolidate heaprograms at oneultural programshing net and Court under itt of the elected of judges urt selects a Chructure and n revision, ribe expressed reflect traditionnvestigating wa 11 d mily . he a ness own lth e ms, s ief an nal ays SaloffirecSal NatActCorof l(CIcorshaenesertoucapundgra 5 A 1whelamatof Tribe:ice in Kenai. Thcognized Salamamatof is locattive Corporatit (ANCSA) of 19rporations whiand and $963 mRI) is one of thrporations estaareholders and ergy and resourrvices, environmurism, telecommpital investmender ANCSA, andanted to local co 13th corporation een ANCSA was pas: The Salamatohe Council reprmatof Tribe. Theted just north oions: The Alask971 establishedch received entmillion. The Coe 12 land‐baseblished by ANChas business orce developmemental and remmunications, annts. The Corpord it retains suborporations in exists for Alaska Nssed. of Tribal Councesents the fedee unincorporateof the City of Keka Native Claimd regional and ltitlement to 44ook Inlet Regioned regional NatiCSA.5 CIRI has ooperations and ent, oilfield andmediation servind private equiation managessurface rights fthe region. Native people livinJune 2016 cil maintains anerally‐ed village of enai. ms Settlement local Native 4 million acres nal Corporationive over 7,300 investments in construction ices, real estateity and venture land granted for lands ng outside of Alask n n n e, e ka  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 12 June 2016 Public Hearing Draft The Kenai Natives Association (KNA), designated as an urban Native corporation under ANCSA, had 560 members in February 2012. KNA received entitlement to 23,000 acres of land which included 4,000 acres of land at the former Wildwood Air Force Base and land within the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge. About 400 acres of land were sold to the State of Alaska in 1992 for the Wildwood Correctional Center. In the late 1990s, KNA received 5 acres in Old Town Kenai which was the site of the original headquarters for the Kenai National Moose Range.6 Also in the late 1990s, the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council purchased land along the Kenai River for protection, and the boundaries of the Kenai Wildlife Refuge were moved to exclude KNA lands. Amendments to the refuge boundaries allowed KNA land to be developed. Today, KNA sells sand and gravel and manages its real estate. The Salamatof Native Corporation is the village corporation for the Salamatof people established under ANCSA. The majority of shareholders of the corporation reside on the Kenai Peninsula including in the unincorporated village of Salamatof. The corporation received money under ANCSA but no land. Today, its business ventures consist of real estate and land development. 6 The Kenai National Moose Range eventually became the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge. Native Allotments: The Alaska Native Allotment Act of 1906 provided Alaska Natives with the ability to obtain title of land up to 160 acres. There are a few Native allotments in the City of Kenai, and uses within these allotments are generally not subject to the City’s land use regulations and zoning.   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 13 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft Buildings at Historic Townsite from the Early Community Building Era The information in this chapter provides background for the land use plan (Chapter 5) and the goals and objectives (Chapter 6). The chapter begins with a summary of the community’s history and setting. It continues with information about socioeconomic conditions and city facilities and services. The chapter concludes with a forecast of future population and demands for housing and services. 4.1 Settlement History Kenai’s motto, “Village with a past, City with a future,” reflects the link between the community’s long and rich history and its opportunities for sustainable growth and development. Kenai’s past has shaped its present. Its settlement history provides a strong cultural foundation and the physical pattern of growth that remains today. The Dena’ina people lived in the region long before the first Russian explorers arrived in Alaska in 1741. While they do not measure their history in years, the Dena’ina people say they have lived in the area since time immemorial, a period that is beyond the reach of memory or record. When the first Russians arrived, there was a thriving Dena’ina Athabascan Indian Village on the high bluff overlooking Cook Inlet near the mouth of the Kenai River. At that time, about 1,500 Dena’ina lived in the Kenai River drainage with several hundred in the village of Shk’ituk’t on the bluff above the Kenai River mouth. Chapter 4: Background Information   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 14 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft The local Dena’ina people originally called themselves Kahtnuht’ana ‐ “People of the Kenai River” (Kahtnu). The Russians, however, called them Kenaitze from the Dena’ina stem “ken,” which refers to flat land meaning the wave cut terrace Kenai is built on, and the Russian “‐itze,” which means “people of.” So, Kenaitze means “people of the flat land.” The Dena’ina called the Russians “Tahdna” which means “underwater people” from the image of their ships coming up Cook Inlet which, viewed from afar, looked like the ship was emerging from underwater. The Russians built Fort (Redoubt) St. Nicholas at Kenai in 1791, the fifth Russian post in Alaska. The fort was an outpost for trading fish and furs. The log wall and blockhouses were built by the Russians as part of Redoubt St. Nicholas. By the time British explorer Captain George Vancouver visited in 1794, about 40 Russians occupied the outpost. The Russian Orthodox religion took root, and Kenai’s oldest buildings are Orthodox‐related: A log rectory (1886), the Holy Assumption of the Virgin Mary Russian Orthodox Church (1895), and the nearby log chapel (1906). The United States established Fort Kenay in 1869 two years after the Alaska purchase. Most of the Russian buildings were in disrepair by the time the American Army took over, and the post was abandoned in 1871. Commercial salmon canneries became a significant economic factor in the late 1800s. The first cannery at Kenai, the Northern Packing Company, was established in 1888. From then on at least one and often two or three canneries operated at the Kenai River mouth. As the community evolved, residents constructed new infrastructure and adapted to a changing economy. A post office was established in 1899. During the 1920s, commercial fishing and fish processing became important local industries. Opportunities for homesteading in the 1940s led to further development. The first road connecting Anchorage and Kenai, opened in 1951, provided access that helped expand the community. The Wildwood Army Base, built north of Kenai in 1953, was later converted to an Air Force base. During the Cold War, it served as a communications and Russian surveillance base. With Alaska’s first major oil strike in 1957 at the nearby Swanson River, a new economy took root. The City of Kenai incorporated in 1960, and offshore oil was discovered in Cook Inlet in 1965. Today’s economy reflects the importance of the fishing, oil and gas, tourism, and service industries. Assumption of the Virgin Mary Russian Orthodox Church   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 15 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft 4.2 Setting Kenai is centrally located on the western Kenai Peninsula in Southcentral Alaska, about 65 air miles (160 miles by road) southwest of Anchorage and 1,350 miles northwest of Seattle. Kenai is as far west as Hawaii and about the same latitude as Oslo, Norway or Stockholm, Sweden. The original community has expanded with commercial development along the Kenai Spur Highway and residential neighborhoods throughout the developable areas of the City. The city center is located about 11 miles west of Soldotna and the Sterling Highway, Kenai’s overland link to Anchorage and Homer. Most persons and goods travel to and from Kenai over these two state‐maintained highways. The Kenai Municipal Airport, the Kenai Peninsula’s only major airport, provides regional passenger and air cargo service with connecting service through Anchorage to other cities in Alaska and beyond. Kenai’s scenic setting amid diverse natural resources is a pervasive part of local daily life and an important economic and recreational asset. The Kenai River is a world‐famous sport fishing destination that is especially known for its king salmon and river recreation opportunities. The Kenai River estuary, wetlands, and nearby uplands provide vital habitat for diverse fish and wildlife. A number of rivers in the City support anadromous fish (Alaska Department of Fish and Game 2012).7 Cook Inlet also supports important recreational and commercial fisheries, abundant marine life, and important oil and gas resources. The nearby Kenai National Wildlife Refuge offers year‐round recreational opportunities. 4.2.1 Climate and Environment Kenai’s northern climate is tempered by Cook Inlet to the west and the Kenai Mountain Range to the south and east. Summer temperatures typically range from 46 to 65 degrees Fahrenheit (°F), and winter temperatures from 4 to 22 °F. Average annual precipitation is 20 inches. A drying trend has accelerated since the 1970’s resulting in some drying of wetlands and muskegs and the disappearance of kettle ponds and lower lake levels (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2012a and 2012b). In addition, trees are now growing at higher altitudes. 4.2.2 Natural Hazards Natural hazards are natural events that could cause injury, property damage, business disruption, or environmental impact. They can include geological and meteorological phenomena such as earthquakes, coastal erosion, and volcanic 7 The Anadromous Fish Catalog may be viewed at the following website: http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/sf/SARR/AWC/index.cfm?adfg=maps.interactive   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 16 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft eruption. Biological hazards can refer to a diverse array of disease and infestation. Other natural hazards such as floods and wildfires can result from a combination of geological, hydrological, and climatic factors. There are natural hazards that may affect the City of Kenai to various degrees. In 2010, the City of Kenai completed an Annex to the Kenai Peninsula Borough Local All Hazard Mitigation Plan. This plan was approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency in 2011.8 In March‐April 2016, the City of Kenai administration made revisions to the plan and submitted the updated version for review to the Planning & Zoning Commission and was approved the plan by Resolution PZ16‐06 on April 13, 2016. The 2016 Kenai Peninsula Borough All‐Hazard Mitigation Plan – Annex C (2016 KPBHMP‐AnnexC) describes risks of hazards, facilities vulnerable to a disaster and a mitigation strategy to reduce potential losses. Hazards with high risks include flooding, wildfire, earthquake, weather, and erosion. Hazards with medium risks include volcanoes, and hazards with low 8 The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires local governments to adopt a hazard mitigation plans as a condition for receiving federal disaster mitigation funds including elevation, acquisition, and relocation of hazard threatened structures. risks include tsunamis. The plan includes a vulnerability assessment for city facilities and infrastructure. Table 3 lists whether or not the hazard is present in Kenai (identification) and gives a probability of occurrence (risk). Table 3: Hazard Identification & Risk Matrix Flood Wildland Fire Earthquake Volcano Snow Avalanche Tsunami & Seiche Y/H Y/H Y/H Y/M N Y/L Weather Landslide Erosion Drought Technological Economic Y/H N/L Y/H U/L U/L U/L Hazard Identification: Y: Hazard is present in jurisdiction but probability unknown N: Hazard is not present U: Unknown if the hazard occurs in the jurisdiction Risk: L: Hazard is present with a low probability of occurrence M: Hazard is present with a moderate probability of occurrence H: Hazard is present with a high probability of occurrence Flooding: Like other communities in the Kenai Peninsula Borough, the city is susceptible to different types of flood hazards. With about 2,840 acres of the Kenai River basin considered as floodplain, low lying areas within the City are susceptible to flood and erosion hazards. Floodplain is defined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) as land adjacent to a lake, river, stream, estuary, or other water body that is subject to flooding. There are parcels inside the city limits that have been designated by the FEMA Flood   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 17 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) in zones A and V. FIRM refers to the official maps adopted by the FEMA on which the flood insurance administration has delineated both the areas of special flood hazard and the risk premium zones applicable to the community. The City does not regulate development in the floodplain and does not participate in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Lands inside the city are primarily located within the HMP North Zone and Central Zone. Critical areas and facilities susceptible to flooding in North Zone communities include docking facilities and bridges, such as the City Dock, the North Kenai refinery dock, private mooring facilities, and the Warren Ames Bridge (Kenai River Mile 5) and Swanson River Bridge (Mile 38.4 Kenai Spur Highway). There are a total of 296 (tax) parcels (approximately 4,011 acres) valued at over $70million, which are within or intersect the lower 12.5 miles of the Kenai River’s mapped 100‐year floodplain located inside the city. The total assessed value of homes and other improvements on the 137 developed parcels is over $33million (2016 KPBHMP‐Annex C). The City continues to cooperate with the KPB, landowners, and developers to enact and enforce a 50‐foot setback of items on property adjacent to waterways. Kenai River Overlay mandates a 50 foot building setback from the mean high water line of the Kenai River. KPB regulations for development in this area meet the objective to minimize damage in the event of a flood. Erosion: In addition to riverine flood hazards, property located adjacent to Cook Inlet is susceptible to erosion, high tides, and storm surge‐wave run up. Riverine and coastal erosion occur in Kenai. Coastal erosion encompasses bluff and beach erosion while riverine erosion will be considered synonymous for stream erosion, stream bank erosion and riverbank erosion. The 2016 KPBHMP‐Annex C discusses the differences between erosion and coastal erosion in more detail. Eroding bluffs along the Kenai River and Cook Inlet pose the greatest erosion risk to the community (City of Kenai 2010). Bluff erosion above the Kenai River threatens housing and facilities such as the Kenai Senior Center and Congregate Housing (Vintage Pointe Manor). These facilities and the Wastewater Treatment Plant are more vulnerable to erosion damage than the remainder of City facilities. An average erosion rate of 3 feet per year has been estimated after comparing aerial photographs over a 50‐year period. Figure 1 illustrates erosion rates as of 2011.   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 18 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft Figure 1: Past & Future Projected Erosion Rates Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 2011 After years of studies, the City of Kenai is planning a Bluff Stabilization Project that will stop the erosion process along the Kenai River in the downtown area. The US Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) is completing a multi‐million‐dollar study and the engineering for this project. The City of Kenai has received appropriations in the amount approximately $4,000,000 from the State of Alaska for this project. On May 4th and 5th, 2016 the Corps held a two‐day Planning Charrette to reevaluate the scope and costs of the proposed Kenai Bluffs Stabilization Section 116 Feasibility Study. The City has appropriated $585,000 thus far for the project in funding to the Corps to complete the study. It is anticipated that the Corps will finish the final feasibility study by August 2017. Other forms of erosion such as natural bank erosion can be found in Kenai. Natural bank erosion along the Kenai River is aggravated by boat wakes. A 1997 study found that areas of the river without boat traffic resulted in about 75% less erosion than in areas of the river with high boat traffic (Dorava and Moore 1997). The Kenai Peninsula Borough Don E. Gilman River Center (River Center) houses multiple agencies that regulate activities and development in and along the Kenai River. Working together, these agencies have made great strides towards addressing erosion. Publications by the River Center provide guidance for addressing riverine erosion (Czarnezki and Yaeger 2007) and coastal erosion (Smith and Williams 2010). Plus, the 2008 Kenai Peninsula Borough Coastal Management Plan included designations for erosion‐prone areas in the City of Kenai along the river (Kenai Peninsula Borough 2008a). Coastal Storms: From the fall through the spring, low pressure systems either develop in the Bering Sea or Gulf of Alaska or are brought to the region by wind systems in the upper atmosphere that tend to steer storms in the north Pacific Ocean toward Alaska. When these storms impact the coastal areas and shoreline, they often bring wide swathes of high winds and occasionally cause coastal flooding and erosion.   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 19 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft Fierce storm conditions do not have to be present to cause damage. According to the 2016 HMP, the City of Kenai community suffers from “Silent Storms” where high‐water storm surges erode and undercut river and shoreline banks, melting the permafrost. This “wearing away” of land results in the loss of beach, shoreline, and dunes. Coastal erosion occurs over the area roughly from the top of the bluff out into the near‐shore region to about the 30 foot water depth. It is measured as the rate of change in the position or horizontal displacement of a shoreline over a period of time. Bluff recession is the most visible aspect of coastal erosion because of the dramatic change it causes in the landscape. As a result, this aspect of coastal erosion usually receives the most attention. Coastal erosion also may be from multi‐year impacts and long‐term climatic change such as sea‐level rise, lack of sediment supply, subsidence or long‐term human factors such as the construction of shore protection structures and dams or aquifer depletion. Attempts to control erosion through shoreline protective measures such as groins, jetties, seawalls, or revetments, can actually lead to increased erosion activity. These shoreline structures can eliminate the natural wave run‐up and sand deposition processes and can increase reflected wave action and currents at the waterline. The increased wave action can cause localized scour both in front of and behind structures and prevent the settlement of suspended sediment. Fortunately in Alaska, erosion is hindered by bottomfast ice, which is present on much of the Arctic coastline during the winter. These areas are fairly vulnerable while the ice is forming. The winds from a fall storm can push sea ice into the shorefast ice, driving it onto the beach. The ice will then gouge the beach and cause other damage. In 2009, the City of Kenai added permanent fencing to the north beach dunes to help ensure this natural barrier will adequately prevent bluff erosion. The fencing will help ensure that man‐made destruction of vegetation does not compromise the integrity of the dunes. A similar fencing project was completed in the summer of 2010 on the south beach. The dunes were at risk of destruction from the annual personal use dipnet fishery if the fencing was not installed. In 2014, a subdivision consisting of multiple phases and 48 lots at full build‐out has recently been recorded within the City of Kenai. The subdivision is located along the bluffs has bluff‐top lots which overlook the Cook Inlet. To further combat erosion the City of Kenai and the Kenai Peninsula Borough required the identification of a setback of 50 feet from the top of the slop for septic systems. This setback will help to ensure that effluent does not discharge into Cook Inlet in the event of further bluff erosion in this area. Wildland Fires: Wildland fires pose a risk to the community, especially as a result of an increase in dead spruce trees   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 20 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft resulting from the spruce bark beetle infestation (City of Kenai 2010, Parson et al. 2009). The City annually experiences small wildland fires throughout the summer months. The City of Kenai Fire Department and State Forestry responded to cooperatively to these fires. According to the 2016 HMP, all areas within the City of Kenai have equal risk of Wildland fires. The City maintains a defensible space around all City facilities as a preventative measure for wildland fires. This risk has been greatly reduced by the City of Kenai’s initiative to proactively pursue a fire mitigation plan that resulted in the clearing of dead and dying spruce from approximately 700 acres of public and private land. Funding for these projects was facilitated through the Kenai Peninsula Borough Spruce Bark Beetle Mitigation program. The Kenai Peninsula Borough and the City of Kenai worked cooperatively to identify high hazard areas. Local contractors provided hazard mitigation under the Borough funded program (which is no longer active). Logistically, the reduction in fuels within the City has enabled State Forestry resources to free themselves to patrol other nearby communities, and has reduced wildfire activity within the City. The City in cooperation with the KPB and State Forestry continue to provide Firewise Communities educational material to homeowners to enable them to prepare their homes in the event of a wildfire. Damage from fallen trees during heavy wind storms has dropped drastically within the City. Homer Electric Association has attributed this reduction directly to the City’s pro Firewise actions. Historically significant fires within the City included the 1969 Swanson River Fire and the Swires Road fire in the mid1980’s. More recently, the Central Kenai Peninsula experienced significant wildfires in 2014 and 2015; however, neither of these fires burned inside the City limits of Kenai. City of Kenai Firefighters provided mutual aid to Central Emergency Services (CES). Volcanoes and Fallout: There are five active volcanoes located on the west side of Cook Inlet that lie within the KPB boundaries: Fourpeaked, Augustine, Iliamna, Redoubt, and Mount Spurr. Eruptions from volcanoes on the west side of Cook Inlet can result in the deposition of ash, which can cause damage to structures and equipment. Fresh volcanic ash fallout may be harsh, acidic, gritty and smell like sulfur. Heavy ash‐fall may reduce sunlight, causing a sudden demand and possibly brownout of electrical power. Ash can clog watercourses, sewage plants, and all kinds of machinery. According to the 2016 HMP, all areas within the City of Kenai have equal risk of effects from volcanic activity. One of the most vulnerable sectors is the aviation industry, which is at risk from the effects of airborne volcanic ash. The City continues to participate in cooperative effort with Borough OEM, local media to provide the public with preparedness   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 21 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft information prior to and during periods of increased volcano seismic activity. Earthquakes: Alaska is one of the most seismically active regions in the world. Three of the ten largest earthquakes ever recorded have been in Alaska. Earthquakes of magnitude 7 or greater occur in Alaska on average of about once a year; magnitude 8 earthquakes average about 13 years between events. Although southcentral Alaska is in a high seismic risk zone, Kenai is relatively well protected from earthquake‐generated tsunami danger due to the high bluffs; and the relatively shallow depth of upper Cook Inlet results in a low tsunami risk. Kenai was relatively undamaged in the1964 earthquake; however, the potential for seismic events remains high. More recently, on January 24, 2016 at 1:30am a 7.1 magnitude quake occurred 53 miles west of Anchor Point. The City of Kenai felt the greatest impact when a gas line broke on Lilac Lane. There were two house explosions, and a total of four homes on Lilac Lane were completely destroyed. The dangers associated with earthquakes include ground shaking, surface faulting, ground failures, snow avalanches, seiches and tsunamis. The City will continue to cooperate with the KPB, OEM, local media and local emergency responders to collectively notify the public of evacuation procedures. The extent of damage from an earthquake is dependent on the magnitude of the quake, the geology of the area, the nature of the earthquake (surface faulting, ground failure, liquefaction, etc.), distance from the epicenter and structure design and construction. The city continues to enforce building codes and construction standards. 4.3 Population, Education and Housing The purpose of this section is to provide background information about population, education and housing trends that may influence private and public investment decisions and public policy decisions at the local and regional levels. 4.3.1 Population For the first half of the 1900s, the community of Kenai’s population stayed around 300 people. After discovery of the Swanson River oil field in 1957, Kenai grew eight‐fold from 778 people in 1960 to 6,327 in 1990 becoming the Kenai Peninsula’s most populous city. During the statewide economic slowdown in the 1990s, Kenai’s population grew from 6,327 (1990) to 6,942 (2000) or about 9.7%, adding fewer residents than in any decade since the 1950s. Between 1990 and 2000, nearby small rural settlements (Cohoe, Clam Gulch, Kasilof, Nikiski, Ridgeway, and Salamatof) grew by an average of 34%. This trend may reflect the preference to work, shop, and recreate in the cities but live in the rural countryside. Kenai’s population growth slowed between 2000 and 2010 with an increase of about 2.3%. This trend   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 22 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft continued between 2010 and 2015. By 2015, Kenai’s population grew from 7,112 (2010) to 7,229 (2015) or about 1% (DLWFD, 2015). Between 2010 and 2015, the distribution of males and females shifted slightly with an increase in the female population. This is particularly noteworthy in the age group 65+. While the Kenai Peninsula is less ethnically diverse than the state as a whole and the growth rate of the non‐white population is among the lowest at 3.2%, this sector’s share of the population is expected to continue to increase over the next 5 years (KPEDD CEDS, 2016). While the City’s population is increasing, there has been a greater increase in people older than 65 and a decline of people under that age between 2010 and 2015. The median age of Kenai’s residents rose from 28.6 years in 1990 to 32.3 years in 2000, 34.7 years in 2010 and 34.8 years in 2015. Kenai’s median age in 2010 was lower than the national median age and slightly higher than that of Alaska. The aging of Kenai’s population is consistent with local trends on the Peninsula and with national trends as the “baby boomers” reach retirement age. According to the KPEDD 2015 Report‐Industry Trends and Outlook, the senior population on the Kenai Peninsula is increasing. Currently, 8,100 people (14%) on the Kenai Peninsula are 65 or older; by 2027 it is projected that 14,800 people (23%) will be over 65. The number over age 85 is expected to increase four‐fold over 30 years, from about 670 in 2014 to 3,270 in 2042. Table 4 illustrates the change by age (and includes sex) between 2010 and 2015. Table 4. Age, Sex, and % Change April 2010‐July 2015 Age Group April 2010 Estimate July 2015 Estimate % Change Total Male Female Total Male Female Under 19 2,219 1124 1095 2,202 1,120 1,082 ‐1% Age 20‐44 2,277 1136 1141 2,270 1,133 1,137 ‐1% Age 45‐64 1,921 941 980 1,872 890 982 ‐1% Age 65‐79 572 287 285 721 347 374 +26% Age 80+ 123 45 78 164 70 94 +33% Median Age 34.7 33.6 35.6 34.8 33.9 35.9 +1% Total 7,112 3,533 3,579 7,229 3,560 3,669 +1.06% Source: Alaska Dept. Labor & Workforce Development, 2015 The increase in the senior population is an important consideration when planning for transportation systems, housing location and types (assisted living), location and the availability and accessibility of commerce (stores, entertainment), facilities such as the senior center, library, and recreation center, and services such as health care and related services, and government services. Since 1990, the average household size in Kenai has continued to decline. As shown in Table 5, Kenai’s average household size in 2010 was smaller than the Alaska and national average.   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 23 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft Over the long run, these trends signify slower population growth, a steadily aging population with more seniors, a shift in housing demand mix, and a shift in local priorities for public facilities and services to meet changing needs of a changing population. Table 5. 2010 Household Size Comparison: City of Kenai, State of Alaska, and the U.S 4.3.2 Education The City of Kenai schools are administered by the Kenai Peninsula Borough School District. There are 7 schools in Kenai with a population for school year 2015‐2016 of 1,885 students. The schools are:  Aurora Borealis Charter School – 181 students  Kaleidoscope School of Arts & Science – 256 students  Kenai Alternative High School – 78 students  Kenai Central High School – 523 students  Kenai Middle School – 382 students  Marathon School – 11 students  Mt. View Elementary – 454 students In addition, the Alaska Vocational Technical Center (AVTEC) is located in Kenai and offers short term and long term programs including the Alaska Culinary Academy, the Alaska Maritime Training Center, and courses in information technology, nursing, applied technology and power plant operations. Overall school enrollment in Kenai Peninsula schools has steadily declined over the last ten years. Student enrollment during the 2003‐2004 school year was 9,645 students and has since decreased to 9, 132 students in 2015‐2016. Public school enrollment appears to be decreasing at the same time the school‐age population also decreases. School‐age population age groups 5‐9, 10‐14, and 15‐19 years old combined total about 19% of the Kenai Peninsula Borough’s population (KPEDD CEDS, 2016). The U.S. Census information on educational trends in Kenai before 2009 indicates there was decreased enrollment in high school and younger and increased enrollment in college.9 9 For cities with a population the size of Kenai, the American Community Survey uses five year averages for some survey data such as education. Subject Kenai Alaska U.S. Median Age 34.7 33.8 37.2 Race White 79.9% 66.7% 72.4% Alaska Native/American Indian 8.9% 14.8% 0.9% Black/African American 0.7% 3.3% 12.6% Asian 1.5% 5.4% 4.8% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Is. 0.3% 1.0% 0.9% Other 0.9% 1.6% 6.2% Two or more races 7.9% 7.3% 2.9% Sex Male 49.6% 52% 49.2% Female 50.4% 48% 50.8% Household Size 2.51 2.65 2.58 Source: U.S. Census Bureau   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 24 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft It is projected that through 2042, the share of students will remain essentially flat at both the borough and state level. The state projects the number of school aged children on the Peninsula will begin increasing around 2020 (KPEDD 2016 Situations & Prospects). Tracking and assessing the changes in school‐age population groups provides important information to the school district and the City of Kenai when planning for the design, construction, and operation of educational facilities and programs that serve residents. Table 6 describes the level of educational attainment (percent of total) for the City of Kenai population 25 years and older. Table 6. Educational Attainment 2009– 2014, Kenai Educational Attainment 2009‐2013 2010‐2014 Population 25 years and over 4,662 % of Total 4,766 % of Total Less than 9th grade ‐ 1.8% ‐ 1.8% 9th to 12th grade, no diploma ‐ 5.1% ‐ 6.4% High school graduate (includes equivalency) ‐ 35.6% ‐ 35.2% Some college, no degree ‐ 27.4% ‐ 26.4% Associate’s degree ‐ 7.9% ‐ 7.0% Bachelor’s degree ‐ 12.8% ‐ 13.3% Graduate or professional degree ‐ 9.4% ‐ 9.9% Source: KPEDD 2016 Draft Situations & Prospects Report, May 2016 (US Census American Community Survey, 5‐Year Estimates 2009‐2013, 2010‐2014) Among adults aged 25 and older in the Kenai Peninsula Borough, 93% have a high school diploma or greater compared to 92% statewide. The number of college graduates on the Kenai Peninsula at 24% is slightly lower than the state’s average of 28%. 4.3.3 Housing The number of houses constructed in the Kenai Peninsula Borough varies by year and by community. On average 45.3 percent of the houses are built in Homer, 26.8 percent in Kenai and about 23 percent in Soldotna. Although Kenai is one of Alaska’s oldest settlements its housing stock is relatively new and in good condition because most homes were built after 1980 (KPEDD CEDS, 2016). Housing affordability is described in terms of “cost‐burden” or the percent spent on housing costs, including rent, utilities, and energy costs. For Kenai the cost‐burden is about 30.7% while borough‐wide is 34% and the state‐wide level is 31% (KPEDD 2016). According to Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC), the average home loan amount in the Kenai Peninsula Borough in 2015 year was $214,885. For the city, the average value of a single‐family home was $193,900 in 2014. The average price of single family homes has been, steadily rising over the last 11 years (KPEDD 2016).   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 25 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft Between 2010 and 2014, the total number of housing units in Kenai increased from 3,108 to 3,221. The number of new dwelling units constructed in Kenai increased from 20 in 2010 to 36 in 2015. By contrast, Soldotna experienced a more dramatic increased going from 29 new units in 2010 to 111 new units in 2015. Most homes are on public water supply and sewage disposal systems and use natural gas. Table 7 provides an overview of housing units, values, and monthly rents. Table 7. Housing Units 2009‐2014, City of Kenai Housing In Kenai 2009‐2013 2010‐2014 % of Total % of Total Total housing units 3,108 ‐ 3,221 ‐ Occupied housing units 2,820 90.7% 2,896 89.9% Vacant housing units 288 9.3% 325 10.1% Median value of owner‐occupied units $184,800 ‐ $193,900 ‐ Median monthly rent (for renters) $885 ‐ $910 ‐ Source: KPEDD 2016 Draft Situations & Prospects Report, May 2016 4.3.4 Energy Costs Based on the 2009‐2012 data used in the 2014 Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) Assessment, the average annual energy cost for homes in the Kenai Peninsula Borough is $4,510, 60% higher than the cost in Anchorage ($2,786) and twice as high than the national average ($2,129), but low compared with more rural places in the state. According to this AHFC assessment, the lowest average annual energy costs were found in Tyonek, where residents pay $2,600 each year, and the highest average annual energy costs are in Seldovia where residents pay $7,300 annually (KPEDD 2016). The 2015 ADLWD Residential Rental Market Survey reported that the rental market on the Kenai Peninsula is healthy with an overall 6.8% vacancy rate. Average rent prices increased by only 3% from 2014‐2015 (2015 ADLWD Annual Rental Market Survey).10 4.4 Economy Recent trends and prospects in several key industries, suggest Kenai will continue to experience modest economic growth for the foreseeable future. Events, such as significant new oil and gas discoveries in Cook Inlet and the Alaska LNG Project, could lead to more rapid growth of the economy than estimated. Since the 2003 Comprehensive Plan, the City of Kenai has expanded its role as a regional commercial center. Despite the closure of the Kmart store in 2003 and Lowes Improvement Center in 2011, a number of new box stores opened in Kenai, 10 The survey includes Anchorage, Fairbanks North Star Borough, City and Borough of Juneau, Kenai Peninsula Borough, Ketchikan Gateway Borough, Kodiak Island Borough, City and Borough of Sitka, Valdez‐Cordova Census Area, and the Wrangell Borough‐Petersburg Census Area.   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 26 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft including Home Depot (2004) and WalMart Supercenter (2010).11 In 2008, the 78‐room Aspen Extended Stay Suites opened for business. In addition to providing local jobs, these businesses generate tax revenue for the City. This section provides a snapshot of the some of the most important sectors of the economy from information available in May 2016. It includes information from the U.S. Census Bureau, the Kenai Peninsula Borough, the 2006 Kenai Economic Development Strategy, and the Kenai Peninsula Economic Development District (KPEDD).12 In 2016, KPEDD updated its Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy and Gap Analysis. The 2006 Kenai Economic Development Strategy (KEDS) work plan was considered when developing the Draft 2013 Plan and that information has been used and updated with KPEDD information for the 2016 revision. Unlike the rest of the country, Alaska did not experience a sharp recession in 2009. The KPEDD found that the Kenai Peninsula’s resource‐based economy slowly weakened as a result of fewer tourists, a decline in oil drilling, poor fish prices, and a decrease in consumer confidence (KPEDD 2010). Because the Kenai Peninsula Borough has one of the most 11 During August 2011, the Lowes Improvement Center closed unexpectedly. 12 KPEDD now publishes the annual Situation and Prospects report. diverse economies in Alaska, this diversity softened negative impacts to the regional economy. The City of Kenai’s economic well‐being is closely tied to general economic conditions in the Kenai/Soldotna area. This area continues to be the trade and service center for the western Kenai Peninsula and a local government center. The area has an industrial base and a healthy visitor industry centered on the recreational fisheries of the Kenai River and Cook Inlet. Oil and gas, seafood, and tourism are the basic economic sectors that drive the Kenai economy. Basic sector means that these are the businesses that bring new money into the economy. Retail and the service sectors, in contrast, rely on business drawn from local residents. The remainder of this section provides more details about economic indicators, including employment and income, sales, retail trade, retail space, permits, and business licenses. 4.4.1 Employment and Income The City of Kenai has a diverse economy and an educated and mobile workforce. The community has competitive wages placing the community’s residents in a good position for access to the region’s job pool. Table 8 describes employment status between 2009 and 2014.   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 27 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft Table 8. City of Kenai Employment 2009‐2014 Employment Status 2009‐2013 2010‐2014 Population % of Total Population % of Total Population 16 years and over 5,608 ‐ 5,705 ‐ In civilian labor force 3,915 69.8% 3,834 67.2% Unemployed 437 7.8% 404 7.1% Working 3,478 62.0% 3,430 60.1% Private wage & salary workers 2,664 76.6% 2,674 78.0% Government workers 561 16.1% 554 16.2% Self‐employed in own, not‐incorporated business 253 7.3% 202 5.9% Unpaid family workers 0 0.0% 0 0.0% In Armed Forces 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Not in labor force 1,693 30.2% 1,871 32.80% Source: KPEDD Socioeconomic Data, City of Kenai, 2016 Between 2009 and 2013, 76% of the workforce was in the private sector with 2,664 in wage and salary positions, 253 self‐employed, and 0 unpaid family workers. Government workers included 569 people or 16.1% of the workforce. In contrast between 2010 and 2014, the number in the workforce decreased slightly from 69.8% to 67.2% and the unemployment decreased as well from 7.8% to 7.1% (KPEDD 2016). Table 9 describes the major occupations (age 16+) in Kenai. Table 9. Major Occupations, City of Kenai, 2015 Industry 2015 Number of Workers % of Total Natural Resources & Mining 483 14.1 Construction 172 5.0 Manufacturing 139 4.1 Trade, Transportation, Warehousing & Utilities 685 20.0 Information 46 1.3 Finance & Insurance & Real Estate Renting/Leasing 110 3.2 Professional, Scientific, & Management Administrative & Waste Mgt. Services 183 5.3 Educational Services; Health Care & Social Services 550 16.0 Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, Accommodation & Food Services 356 10.4 Other Services (except Public Administration) 114 3.3 Public Administration (State – 167; Local ‐ 142) 591 17.3 Source: U.S. Census Kenai is a relatively low‐cost labor area. Table 10 describes income and benefits by household and by family in the City of Kenai. In 2009, the average household income was $78,137 and the average family income was $89,140. By 2014, the average household income had only increased slightly to $78,824 but the average family income had increased to $92,768.   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 28 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft Table 10. City of Kenai Income & Benefits 2009‐2014 Income and Benefits (in 2013 and 2014 inflation‐adjusted dollars) 2009‐2013 2010‐2014 % of Total % of Total Total households 2,820 ‐ 2,896 ‐ Median household income $63,019 ‐ $62,088 ‐ Average (mean) household income $78,137 ‐ $78,824 ‐ Total Families 1,870 ‐ 1,833 ‐ Median family income $76,815 ‐ $76,445 ‐ Average (mean) family income $89,140 ‐ $92,768 ‐ Per capita income $31,710 ‐ $32,471 ‐ Source: KPEDD Socioeconomic Data, City of Kenai, 2016 4.4.2 Business Indicators This section provides a brief overview of some of the local business indicators – sales, retail space, and business licenses. Sales: The amount of annual sales can fluctuate from year‐to‐year. For 2015, taxable sales were $238.6 million (City of Kenai, 2016). The retail trade business category in 2015 represented over 68% of all sales followed by restaurant/bar (City of Kenai, 2016). The City of Kenai represented an average of 17.5% of the entire share of all sales in the Borough for the years 2004‐ 2009. Retail sales in 2000 totaled $136.3 million, about 48% of total sales. Retail Space: In 2008, the retail space increased by 41% from 2000 to 822,853 square feet, representing 27% of the Borough’s retail space and 19% of the number of retail buildings. Building Permits: While the Kenai Peninsula Borough does not issue building permits, the communities of Kenai, Homer, Seldovia, Seward, and Soldotna issue permits. For the five‐year period between 2005 and 2009, the average annual value of all types of construction permits issued by the City of Kenai was $19.0 million with a high of $46.5 million in 2008 (Kenai Peninsula Borough 2010). Business Licenses: There were 7,270 businesses registered to report sales and potentially pay sales taxes in the Kenai Peninsula Borough in January 2016. Also at that time, there were 6,195 individuals that had an Alaska State business license with a physical location on the Kenai Peninsula. Of those licenses, 1,032 were registered to businesses in the City of Kenai (KPEDD 2016). 4.4.3 Oil and Gas Industry The Cook Inlet area has been one of the nation’s most productive oil and natural gas regions. While considerable challenges exist in the short term, a significant increase in the estimate of undiscovered reserves in the region provides reason to be optimistic about the future for this industry. While the easiest to develop oil and gas resources have been found, considerable resources are estimated to remain in the   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 29 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft region. In 2009, the Alaska Department of Natural Resources estimated there were 109 million barrels of oil and 1.56 trillion cubic feet of gas from known accumulations. In 2011, however, new geologic information boosted the estimates of undiscovered technically recoverable reserves for the Cook Inlet region to include 19 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, 600 million barrels of oil and 46 million barrels of natural gas liquids (USGS 2011). Since the 2003 Comprehensive Plan and the Draft 2013 Plan, some changes have occurred in the oil and gas sector. According to the KPEDD 2016 Situations and Prospects report, the Kenai Peninsula oil and gas industry has been declining since its oil production heyday in the 1970s and its gas production peak in 2001. Cook Inlet gas production fell by almost half from 2001 to 2011. The Agrium fertilizer production plant in Nikiski closed in 2007 due to concerns over lack of gas as feedstock for the plant; in March 2011, ConocoPhillips and Marathon announced plans to place the Nikiski liquefied natural gas (LNG) in warm storage because of declining natural gas supplies in Cook Inlet (though it later reopened for limited cargoes of LNG); and uncertainty grew over remaining oil and gas in the area’s legacy fields. However, oil and gas resources continue to be an important economic influence for the region and interest in Cook Inlet oil and gas has been increasing in recent years. Below is a summary list of programs and projects that reflect this interest. (Note: company and operator names change periodically; changes in lease holders and operators can be confirmed with the ADNR Division of Oil and Gas).  Since the State of Alaska implemented its annual areawide oil and gas lease sale program in 2009, there have been two successful sales that occurred in 2011 and 2012 ($11.3 and $6.9 million respectively).  During 2011, the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission permitted 4 new exploration wells (Alaska Economic Development Corporation 2012).  Tesoro Alaska’s refinery in Nikiski has the capability to process up to 72,000 barrels per day.  Small independent oil and gas companies have increased their activities in the region.  Linc Energy plans to focus on coal gasification projects in the region.  NordAq drilled a gas well in the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge in 2011, and it plans to drill 6 additional gas wells from the Shadura discovery.  Armstrong Cook Inlet began producing gas from the onshore North Fork Unit in 2011.  Cook Inlet Energy LLC brought the offshore Osprey platform back into production in 2011.  In July 2011, the Alaska Department of Natural Resources approved a plan for the Cook Inlet Natural Gas   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 30 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft Storage (compression/conditioning) Project, located in the City of Kenai near the intersection of the Bridge Access Road and Beaver Loop Road.  Buccaneer Alaska Operations, LLC, drilled two wells at its Kenai Loop project in 2011, and plans to drill wells in the Cosmopolitan, Northern Cook Inlet and Southern Cross units in 2012.13 Buccaneer no longer operating in Alaska – now AIX.  Furie Operating Alaska drilled a well in 2011 in the Kitchen Lights Unit.14 The company announced it had made a commercial gas discovery and plans to continue drilling in 2012.  Aurora Gas continues to produce gas in Cook Inlet, and it has plans to drill new wells.  In late 2012, Hilcorp Alaska was in the process of acquiring Marathon Oil Company's Cook Inlet assets and bringing the Drift River tank storage facility back online.  Potential LNG liquefaction plant and marine terminal project for LNG export located at Nikiski. Construction of a North Slope natural gas pipeline with a spur pipeline to Cook Inlet, or a stand‐alone natural gas pipeline, could revitalize the role of local gas‐based industrial facilities. At the date of this Comprehensive Plan, plans for a natural gas pipeline were not finalized. In February 2016, AKLNG 13 Buccaneer plans to complete the first exploration project in deeper waters of Cook Inlet using a jack‐up rig since the 1980s. Buccaneer no longer in Alaska. 14 Furie Operating Alaska formerly called Escopeta Oil and Gas. reported project delays (KDLL, 2‐28‐16) that could also mean delays on decisions that would have major impacts to the Kenai Peninsula, including rerouting the Kenai Spur Highway to accommodate the new plant and associated traffic increase. The highway reroute is currently penciled in to be completed by the end of 2018, with construction of the LNG plant estimated to begin in 2019. If BP, ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil, and the State of Alaska continue to move forward with the Alaska LNG Project through the front‐end engineering and design stage, oil and gas extraction and support activities will grow, which in turn, brings additional employment in industries such as transportation, warehousing and wholesale trade, healthcare. As the job sector grows, so does the demand for houses, healthcare, and educational services among others (KPEDD CEDS2016). 4.4.4 Fisheries and Seafood Processing Four different fisheries take place within the City’s boundaries: commercial, sport, personal use, and educational fisheries. In 2014, 673 vessels landed 4.5 million pounds of halibut at three ports in the KPB: Homer, Seward, and Kenai, with over half the effort at Homer (KPEDD 2016). Sablefish fishery brought in 5.48 million pounds to KPB ports on 407 reported landings in 2014. This is 26% of the state’s total commercial   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 31 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft sablefish harvest (KPEDD 2016). In that same year Kenai was ranked as one of the top 50 U.S. ports for volume of seafood deliveries with a landed value of $11.5 million (NOAA Commercial Fisheries Statistics, 2016). According to KPEDD, during fiscal year 2015 the state shared $1.2 million with the Kenai region from commercial fishery taxes. Totals shared in FY 2015 were $644,000 to the borough, $349,000 to Seward, $196,000 to Kenai, $21,000 to Homer, and $2,800 to Soldotna. The more fish that are processed locally and the more value per fish that processors can add, the higher will be the revenue that circulates through the region from commercial fishing (KPEDD 2016). While the seafood industry in Cook Inlet originally focused on production of high quantities of canned salmon, Kenai no longer has a true “salmon cannery.” Local seafood processors now focus on predominantly fresh, high‐quality seafood delivered across the United States during the salmon and halibut season as well as fresh frozen products that are distributed to markets worldwide after the season. The largest plants are Icicle Seafoods in Seward, and the Inlet Fish plants in Kenai and Kasilof. Processing industries also rely on local hardware and auto retailers and on local repair shops for vessel maintenance and upgrades. The rapid growth of the Kenai River personal use dipnet fishery has added a 250,000‐400,000 sockeye fish harvest in a short time period to the management mix. The personal use dipnet fishery has grown rapidly. The City is responsible for the management of the fishery: administering the no‐wake zone and access controls at the beach and dock, police patrols, and waste management (solid and pit toilets). The City works collaboratively with agencies and the fishing industry to support sustainable fisheries harvests. In 2014 the City instituted a tide dependent no wake zone for a 6,000 foot segment of the south river bank to reduce erosion; eliminated an access and improved another, and is constructing a new access at the Kenai River mouth; maintained solid waste and pit toilets, and provided police foot and boat patrols. Revenue was generated from municipal boat launch and parking fees. The costs for management equal revenue derived from the boat launch and parking fees collected during the fishery (KPEDD 2016). 4.4.5 Visitor Industry The Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development estimate that about 500,000 people visit the Kenai Peninsula each summer. While tourism has been one of the fastest growing sectors in the Borough, the number of visits has declined since 2007, a peak year. Visitor patterns are highly seasonal with outdoor recreation and sport fishing representing the major visitor activities, and the historic Kenai Old Town is an important attraction. The Kenai River provides a major recreation destination for both residents and visitors. The charter fishing industry provides   2016Workea AKaiKw VoArvbtS TpVtPa 6 City Kenai Compksession #3 Draft economic beneand through locAlaska residentKenai Peninsulaccounts for ovindustry directKenai – accommwhich contribuVisitor levels woperated visitoAccording to Krecovering fromvisitor travel anback to pre‐rectourism sector Situations & PrThe Kenai Champromotes KenaVisitors and Cuto visitors and Peninsula Touras a tourist desprehensive Plan efits to the City cal spending byts represent tha. The period Jver two‐thirds otly supports a nmodations, fooute to the sales were mixed amoor centers in KePEDD, the Kenam the 2008‐200nd related spencession levels, bhave declined rospects 2016).mber of Commeai as a destinatiultural Center. Tit includes exhrism Marketingstination. of Kenai throuy clients. he largest groupune‐August of of annual visitsnumber of locald and beveragetax revenues gong Chamber oenai, Homer, anai Peninsula’s t09 US recessionnding. Employmbut average mocompared to 2. erce and Visitoion, and it operThe Center proibits and a gift g Council markegh employmenp of visitors to teach year s. The visitor l businesses in e sales – all of generated. of Commerce‐nd Soldotna. tourism industn and reductionment numbers onthly wages in008 (KPEDD ors Center rates the Kenai ovides informatshop. The Kenaets the peninsu 32 nt the ry is n in are n the tion ai ula 4.5Theits Ke5 Public Fae City of Kenai residents, local water and  public safe fire and EM library  seniors  transporta parks and enai Visitors andacilities andprovides a varil businesses ansewer ety MS ation recreation d Cultural Centerd Services iety of facilitiesnd industries. Tr June 23, 2016 s and services tThese include: to   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 33 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft The areas of Kenai now served by city roads and water and sewer utilities are shown in Maps 2 and 3. These services are funded locally by the City of Kenai and with the support from other funding sources (grants, etc.).   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 34 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 35 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 36 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft 4.5.1 Water and Sewer Systems About 1,680 homes and businesses (4,000‐5,000 users), or 70% of the city’s population, are connected to the water and sewer system. Kenai currently has 4 operational well houses located near the intersection of Kenai Spur Highway and Beaver Loop Road on Shotgun Road. A water treatment facility that removes harmless color began operating in 2012. A new 1,000,000 gallon reservoir is under construction in 2016. Once completed the existing 3,000,000 gallon reservoir will have the interior coatings removed and replaced. The wastewater treatment plant, constructed in 1982, was designed for a population of 11,650 people and an average wastewater flow of 1.3 million gallons per day, and operates between 50% and 70% total capacity. The updated 2004 Wastewater Facility Master Plan identified a number of improvements that could increase the plant’s efficiency. A project is in the funding and design phase to reduce the levels of ammonia in the effluent and increase the energy efficiency of the plant. 4.5.2 Public Safety The Police, Fire and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) departments are housed in the Public Safety Building on Main Street Loop and Willow Street. The police department facility was expanded and renovated in 1984‐85. The fire department serves approximately 7,100 people within the boundaries of the community. The fire department is responsible for all fire suppression, airport crash fire rescue, hazardous materials, EMS, fire prevention programs, enforcement of city and state fire safety and prevention codes, and fire investigations. The City has a mutual aid and automatic aid agreements with Central Emergency Services and the Nikiski Fire Department. 4.5.3 Transportation A safe, affordable, accessible, and efficient road, trail, marine, and aviation transportation system is essential for community development and expansion in Kenai. Coordinated transportation and land use policies reduce congestion, improve safety, and help move people, vehicles, and goods more efficiently. Limited public transportation is available through CARTS (Central Area Rural Transit System). Roads: Of the 99 miles of roads in Kenai, the City of Kenai maintains approximately 60 miles, including approximately 15 miles of gravel surfaced roads (Map 4). About 31% of city roadways are unpaved, and many roads are 20‐30 years old. The City of Kenai Public Works Department maintains these roads year‐round and is responsible for snow plowing and road grading, shoulder maintenance, drainage ditches and culverts, and rights‐of‐way and easements (City of Kenai, 2016). City road construction is funded with municipal  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 37 June 23,2016 Worksession #3 Draft revenue, state‐shared revenue, and by property owners in Local Improvement Districts (LIDs). Maintenance is funded on an annual basis using revenue from sales tax and property taxes. The City requires road rights‐of‐way dedications in new subdivisions. The construction of the Bridge Access Road, residential growth at Kalifornsky Beach Road area and employment growth in the vicinity of Willow Street and Main Street Loop have funneled more traffic into the central area. These trends are positive for the long‐term commercial viability of the city center and for future development of Millennium Square. The local and state road system plays an important role in the growth and expansion of residential, commercial and industrial development in Kenai. The proper location of future roads and trails necessary to meet the demand of residents and commercial developers will be important to minimize maintenance costs to the City. Table 11 describes the annual average daily traffic counts (AADT) between 2010 and 2015 along major roads that serve Kenai – both locally and regionally (ADOT&PF Traffic Division, 2016). While Kenai’s road system is adequate in many respects, improvements to connectivity between where people live, shop and work will continue to be an issue as the community grows. Table 11. Kenai Spur Highway AADT 2010 ‐ 2015 Start Feature End Feature 2010 2015 AADT Change 2010‐2015 % Change 2010‐2015 Sterling Highway Knight Drive 13860 11086 ‐2774 ‐20.00% Knight Drive Frontier Avenue 13320 14957 1637 12.00% Frontier Avenue Big Eddy Road 14610 10709 ‐3901 ‐26.00% Big Eddy Road Sports Lake Road 10876 9749 ‐1127 ‐10.00% Sports Lake Road Beaver Loop Road 11500 11060 ‐440 ‐3.00% Beaver Loop Road Swires Drive 9449 9587 138 1.50% Swires Drive Airport Way 11474 9632 ‐1842 ‐16.00% Airport Way Bridge Access Road 13050 13572 522 4.00% Bridge Access Road Willow Street 16200 15622 ‐578 ‐3.50% Willow Street Main Street Loop 14828 14054 ‐774 ‐5.00% Main Street Loop Forest Drive 14400 12083 ‐2317 ‐16.00% Forest Drive Wildwood Drive 8309 8936 627 7.50% Source: ADOT&PF Traffic Division, 2016 Declines in traffic occurred in Nikiski on the Kenai Spur Highway where traffic declined by about 5000 vehicles per day on average. Travel along the Kenai Spur Highway in Nikiski immediately spiked upwards by over 1,300 average  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 38 June 23,2016 Worksession #3 Draft vehicles per day in 2012, following renewed investment in the oil and gas industry and speculative investment, partly in connection with the proposed LNG pipeline to a Nikiski gas liquefaction plant and terminal. By 2015, however, traffic along this highway segment had once again reduced to levels similar to 2007 (KPEDD 2016). Future transportation planning, including a local roads and trails inventory, will be important to managing the flow of people and goods within Kenai and addressing potential industrial growth in the region. Road improvements such as paving more streets, constructing sidewalks, creating trail linkages and expanding road shoulders could go a long way in attracting more traffic within the city center and improving the convenience and safety of doing business along parts of the Kenai Spur Highway corridor.   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 39 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft  2WKlsdc TAtTaacToMevTtcirsf  2016 City Kenai CWorksession #3 DKenai Municiplargest of nine serves as a primdistribution cencargo, and mailThe primary mAirport is to bethe Kenai PeninThe city‐ownedapproximately airport propertcentral Kenai, aThe Federal Avoriginal airportMunicipal Airpeconomic and lvariety of econThe City is currthe northeast acenter for futuris developing hroads adjacent southern end ofor commercialComprehensive PDraft pal Airport: Thairports in the mary collectionnter for schedul service (KPEDmission of the Kee the commercinsula Borough d and operated1,458 acres of ty encompasseand several undviation Administ tract to the Ciort and relatedland asset for thomic activities rently developialong Marathonre industrial achangar lease lotto the floatplanof the water taxl hangars as wePlan he Kenai Municregion and n and uled passengerDDCEDS 2016).enai Municipalal air transportand West Cookd airport is centland near dows the airfield, adeveloped areastration (FAA) tity in 1963. Tod airport propehe City. The airwith potentialing a 42‐acre inn Road which wctivity. Additiots with associatne taxiway/slipxiway. These loell as T‐hangarscipal Airport iss, . tation gatewayk Inlet. trally located owntown Kenai. Ta major portionas. transferred theday, the Kenai rties are a majrport supports l for growth. ndustrial park twill provide a nally, the Airpoted taxiways anp area at the ots will be suitas. 40 s the y to n The n of e or a to ort nd able ThePrithowithavrolerourungraandan term10 Plae FAA classifiesmary Airport; cose airports havth primary airpving 10,000 or e of the Kenai Autes of less thannways; groovedavel runway, and numerous taxinstrument lanminal building have electricityane Displayed ats the airport ascommercial serving 2, 500 or mports defined asmore annual enAirport is to sern 500 miles. Thd 7,830‐foot aspnd 4,600‐foot wxiways. The asnding system (Iare 40 long‐tey. At the float pt the Kenai Munics a Commercial rvice airports amore annual ens commercial snplanements. rve short‐haul he airport consphalt runway, 2water runway, tphalt runway iLS). Southwesrm paved tiedoplane basin thecipal Airport June 23, 2016 Service‐are defined as nplanements ervice airportsThe designatedair carrier sists of three 2,000 foot two helipads, s equipped witst of the owns of which ere are 25 long‐s d th ‐  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 41 June 23,2016 Worksession #3 Draft term tie down slips and 10 transient slips which can accommodate aircraft with up to a 48‐foot wing span. There are 5 commercial slips which can accommodate aircraft with a wingspan up to 65 feet. Both long‐term and transient tie downs are available at the gravel runway. Fly‐in camp sites are available at the float plane basin and gravel runway apron. Fuel is available for both wheeled and float planes with 24‐hour credit card machines. Two commuter airlines offer scheduled service between Kenai and Anchorage. Charter services are also available. An FAA Regional Flight Service Station is located at the Kenai Municipal Airport and is open 24 hours a day. An Air Traffic Control Tower is operated at the airport. A restaurant, lounge, car rentals, and taxis are available in the terminal. Short and long‐term vehicle parking is available at the terminal. Hotel accommodations are located nearby. The 1963 deed for the airport requires airport lands to be managed for use and support of the airport. Airport lands are identified on the Airport Layout Plan (ALP). Title 21 of the Kenai Municipal Code provides guidance for lease, sale, and use of airport‐owned properties to ensure there is an adequate supply of land to support operation of the airport and to reduce incompatible uses in the airport proper. The current conservation zoning designation of airport lands does not support this requirement. The City should consider rezoning these lands to an industrial zone within the Airport Reserve Boundary to provide for development to highest and best uses for the airport. Such uses include support for airport‐related services, revenue‐generating leases, other private development, or public improvements. Map 5 illustrates current land use at the airport. The airport leases a number of developed parcels including the Beacon Occupational Health and Safety Services, City Animal Control Shelter, City shop, the Flight Service Station, and numerous aviation and non‐aviation properties. These leases provide funding for airport operations. The most recent Kenai Municipal Airport Master Plan was developed in 1997, and a Supplemental Planning Assessment was completed in 2007. Funding for new master plan was secured in 2010 and the update to the Master Plan got underway in 2011 and was completed in 2015. The 1997 Airport Master Plan developed local aircraft noise exposure maps as of 1995 (actual) and estimated aircraft noise exposure by 2015. The footprint of the projected 2015 65 dB DNL is slightly smaller than for 1995 due to proposed airport improvements. In 2001, an updated noise exposure map showed no change to the projected 2015 noise contours. Map 6 depicts current aircraft noise levels. An updated noise study is planned with the 2016 master plan. Figure 2 describes the enplanements reported to the City between 2012 and 2015 with a high of 103,180 enplanements  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 42 June 23,2016 Worksession #3 Draft in 2013 and a low of 94,877 in 2014. There are enplanements that are not necessarily reported to the City that are reported to the FAA.  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 43 June 23,2016 Worksession #3 Draft  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 44 June 23,2016 Worksession #3 Draft  2WAMtead2 1bIrir S24681012 2016 City Kenai CWorksession #3 DA study compleMunicipal Airpthat the airporteconomy (City airport generatdirect jobs and2004, the airpo 15 The jobs, payrolby the airport as wImpacts to aviatiore‐spending in thein indirect impactresults in inducedSource: City of Kena020,00040,00060,00080,00000,00020,0002000 200FigurComprehensive PDraft eted in associatort Supplement had a consideof Kenai 2005bted 533 full tim 215 indirect aort and generat ll and business revwell as by visitors n‐related businese local economy bys, and re‐spendingd economic impactai 1 2002 2003 2004re 2: Enplaneme20Plan tion with the 20ntal Planning Aserable impact tob). This study eme jobs in 2004nd induced jobted a payroll of venue figures inclwho travel to andsses result in direcy local airport relag of wages from aits. 2005 2006 20072ents Kenai Mun000 ‐2015005 Kenai ssessment founo the local estimated that , including 318bs.15 Also durinfnearly $25 millude those generatd from Kenai by plct economic impacated business resuirport‐related inc2008 2009 2010 20nicipal Airport  45 nd the 8 g llion ted lane. cts, ults ome andind KenwatproporBoaleacommaboalauthewatand4.5TheacrOthneicatexcRecAssfor spa 011d $44 million induced payroll annai Boating Faterfront develooperty; raise furt. The Departmating Facility anseholders, indemmercial, recreainly leased for at launching ranching facilitiee boat launch rater available. Td diesel are ava5.4 Parks ande Parks and Reres in its park aher than the ghborhood paregory, the City ceeds the Natiocreation and Pasociation guideparks and opeace acreage.n business revend revenue). acility: The Cityopment; own, lends; and exercment of Public Wnd coordinatesependent fish peational and dipcommercial fismp is one of thes during the diamps, there areThe City leases ailable. d Recreation creation Deparand open space rks far onal ark elines en enue (direct, iny has authorityease or manageise financial coWorks operates its use by fish processors, pubpnet fishermenshing vessel usehe area’s most pipnet fishery. Ie public restrooa fueling facilitrtment managesystem (City oJune 23, 2016 direct and y to plan for e waterfront ontrol over the s the Kenai processors/ blic users, and n. The dock is e, while the popular n addition to oms and fresh ty and gasolinees over 358 of Kenai 2011a)e ).  2WTepapCfc TobN 2016 City Kenai CWorksession #3 DThe goal of the enhance the quprograms, and and objectives prepared with Commission. Thfor maintenanccreation of a teThe Parks and of services, inclbeautification oNordic ski trail Erik Hansen ScouComprehensive PDraft Parks and Recality of life for acommunity servare outlined inassistance fromhe plan includece, safety upgrant campgroundRecreation Depluding seasonaof city streets as and 2.5 milesut Park Plan creation Departall citizens throvices.  The Depn the 2010 5‐yem the Parks andes core principlades, park deved (City of Kenaipartment provial recreation prand parks, 3.2 ms of pedestrian tment is: To ough park faciliartment’s goalsear plan which wd Recreation les and prioritielopment, and i 2011). ides a wide arrrograms, city pamiles of groometrails (See Tab 46 ties, s was ies ray arks, ed ble 11)privBoycenKenproan pro A 7meDepstre Gazebo at Leif Ha). The City leasevately operatedys and Girls Clunter which provnai as listed in ovides support area for commograms, such as7‐member Parkmber Beautificpartment. The eet and highwansen Memorial Paes 120 acres fod. Through a paub operates a 1vides numerouTable 11. In adfor the annual unity gardens, s the Adopt‐a‐Pks and Recreatication CommittDepartment alay rights‐of‐wark or an 18‐hole goartnership with17,700 square fus activities for ddition, the Deppersonal use fiand manages vPark program. on Commissiontee provides adso maintains laay. June 23, 2016 olf course that h the City, the foot recreation the citizens of partment fishery, providevolunteer n and a 7‐dvice to the andscaping for is es   2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 47 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft Table 12: City of Kenai Parks and Open Space Community Parks & Schools Acres Description Kenai Municipal Park 45.7 Picnic tables, 2 large shelters, BBQ grills, basketball & volleyball courts, ball fields, picnic shelter, observation deck, beach access trail, and restroom facilities Kenai Park Strip 18.9 4 sports fields with bleachers, dugouts, concession, playground, shelter, picnic tables, BBQ grills, volleyball court, community garden area, and restroom facilities Beaver Creek Park 5.2 Shelter, picnic table, BBQ grill, basketball court, playground ball field, and restroom facilities Daubenspeck Family Park 7.5 Beach/swimming area, 2 shelters, picnic tables, trails, horseshoe pit, winter ice skating, dog retrieval area, and restroom facilities Kenai Middle School n/a Kenai Central High School n/a Subtotal 77.3 Neighborhood Parks & Schools Acres Description Elson Rest Stop 0.7 Picnic area and rest stop donated to the City in 2005 Old Town Park 0.4 Playground, shelter, basketball court, turf areas & BBQ grill Fourth Avenue Park 3.8 Playground, basketball court, shelter, baseball field, & BBQ grill Aurora Borealis Charter School n / a16 Kaleidoscope School n/a Mt. View Elementary School n/a Subtotal 4.9 Open Space and Natural Areas Acres Description Blue Star Memorial 1.0 Picnic table and memorial 16 Acreage is not provided for school facilities because they are not managed by the Parks and Recreation Department.  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 48 June 23,2016 Worksession #3 Draft Table 12: City of Kenai Parks and Open Space Greenstrip Airport Triangle Greenstrip 0.8 Vintage Air Force jet and flag poles Benco Building Greenstrip 0.3 Open space natural area Scenic Bluff Overlook 1.0 Gazebo and picnic tables Millennium Square FAA Fields 6.3 2 soccer fields Bernie Huss Trail 3.8 Wooded area with 0.4 mile trail, footbridge & 9‐hole disc golf course Kenai Flats Wildlife Viewing Area 17.9 Boardwalk, viewing scope and interpretive display adjacent to the Bridge Access Road Bird Viewing Platform Area 4.8 Elevated viewing platform off of Boat Launch Road North Beach Dunes 20.0 2 elevated stairways with post/chain fence to protect dunes and restroom facilities South Beach Dunes 20.0 Post‐chain fence to protect dunes on south side of River Subtotal 75.8 Special Purpose Areas Acres Description East Kenai Park Trails 15.5 18‐hole disc golf course. 0.75 mile trails, bench Leif Hansen Memorial Park 3.5 Community memorial park with a gazebo, benches, water fountain, veteran’s and mariner’s memorial, town clock, gardens, and picnic tables Erik Hansen Scout Park 6.4 Benches, viewing scope, memorial & interpretive displays Kenai Sports Complex 24.0 Picnic tables, BBQ grills and 4 regulation size soccer fields Kenai Cemetery 3.5 Gazebo and benches Multi‐Purpose Facility 7.3 Bleachers, vendor space, 5 warming shacks, ice (October – March), & ice resurfacer Kenai Recreation Center 1.7 Gymnasium, bleacher, 3 racquetball courts & teen center (operated by the Boys and Girls Club) Cunningham Park 2.2 Bank fishing, boardwalk, benches, picnic table and restroom facilities Kenai Golf Course 119.7 Full service 18‐hole golf course (privately operated) Oiler Baseball Field 10.0 Baseball field and complex leased from the City Public Dock 12.1 170’ dock, gangways, float, 4 launch ramps, cranes, and restroom facilities and showers Subtotal 200.0 Total Acreage 358 Acreage managed by the Parks & Recreation Department  2W4IaCSSsC Tats2016 City Kenai CWorksession #3 D4.5.5 Senior CIn response to actively soughtCity owns and oSenior Center aStaffing for the seven‐memberCouncil on seniThe Senior Cenadults come togtheir peers. Theservices, includ Cache near SeniComprehensive PDraft Citizen Facilita growing senit to address theoperates the veand Kenai Seniofacilities is pror Council on Agior issues. nter is a commugether for felloe Senior Citizending congregateior Center Plan ies and Servicor population, e needs of its olery successful aor Congregate Hovided by 11 eming provides adunity focal poinowship and enjons Departmente meals, transpadvocacy, achousing assiTitle III progserves the CSalamatof, Cohoe, KasilGulch. The pserve seniorolder from aThe Center’sserves 26% population ain the KenaiBorough. ces the City has lder residents. and popular KeHousing complmployees. A dvice to the Citnt where older oy activities wit provides senioportation, persoctivities, and istance. Under gram, the CenteCity of Kenai, Kalifornsky Belof, and Clam programs provirs aged 60 and all walks of life.s service area of the total aged 60 and abi Peninsula 49 The enai lex. ty ith or onal the er each, ided . bove Theof afaciwaan Con The(ADpoppeo e Congregate Han emergent “ailities and servs built in 1992 enterprise fundngregate Housie Alaska DeparDOLWD) projecpulation on theople age 65 or o Kenai CongreHousing Facilityarea of opportuvices. The 40‐unwith additionsd to account foing Facility. rtment of Laborcts continued ine Kenai Peninsuolder is projectegate Housing y complex compnity” for more nit 40,450 squas in 1996. The Cr the financingr and Workforcncreases in theula. By 2045, thted at 21% of thJune 23,2016 prises the coresenior‐orienteare foot facility City establishedg of the ce Developmene senior he percentage ohe borough’s ed d nt of  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 50 June 23,2016 Worksession #3 Draft population. The number of seniors living in Kenai is likely to increase at the same rate. The American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) concludes that older adults will stay longer in the workforce, continue to be consumers, volunteer, are entrepreneurs in our communities, homeowners, and investors. This means that planning for seniors is critical: housing, transportation, health, public safety, arts and education, parks and recreation, and economic development/fiscal impacts. Kenai values its seniors – not just as an age cohort on a graph, but as contributing members of the community – as workers, consumers, volunteers, investors, entrepreneurs, family, and leaders. Meeting the needs of seniors is a matter of community concern so long‐term residents can continue to live comfortably in Kenai. Seniors have a broad range of housing and service needs. Some need ready access to health care and some cope with mobility limitations. Of particular interest to Kenai’s senior population is improved pedestrian circulation (safer walk signals, separated walking paths, snow‐cleared walkways) in the central area of town. While the City itself has limited resources to dedicate to programs for seniors, it can, play a decisive role by advocating and facilitating initiatives by other public and private entities. Funding for the Senior Center is provided through the City of Kenai, State of Alaska Department of Senior and Disabilities Services, Kenai Peninsula Borough, United Way, USDA, program income, private donations, center rentals and fundraising. At the end of 2012, two assisted living housing facilities were being developed in Kenai. One, located on Forest Drive, was under construction and was expected to open in early 2013. The facility at the former Anchor Trailer Park was in the early planning stage. 4.5.6 Kenai Community Library The Kenai Community Library has continually responded to public needs since its humble beginnings in the halls of the Territorial School Building in 1949. The construction of a new 5,000 square foot facility located on Main Street Loop in 1976 made the library more visible, easier to use and a more pleasant place to visit. In 1986, an additional, 5,000 square foot addition added four sound proof rooms, a closed stack area and activity room. The library catalog and circulation system were automated in 1987, and in 2000 the library website was created allowing users to access the library catalog from home (http://www.kenailibrary.org). The June 2011 completion of the library expansion doubled the size of the building to approximately 20,000 square feet. The new facility includes more seating for adults, a fireplace, a separate children’s room, study rooms, a conference room, and two meeting rooms. With two entrances, the library now provides access to more parking spaces and better access to City Hall.  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 51 June 23,2016 Worksession #3 Draft Library staff and volunteers provide a variety of programs of interest to patrons of all ages. Of interest to adults with children are the weekly story times, summer reading program, and weekly Lego Club. The library now has a dedicated area with teen‐oriented activities. Adult programming includes a Book Club, the Writer’s Group, and the Totem Tracers Genealogical Society group. Computers in the children’s room access fun learning programs. The library collection includes approximately 80,000 books, periodicals, videos, audiotapes, music CDs, DVDs and reference materials. Several special collections include Alaskana, Alaska State documents, genealogy, core collections of mental health and consumer health information, large print books, and books on CD. Several Alaska newspapers are received on a daily basis as well as the Sunday editions of the New York Times and the Seattle Times. The Alaska Digital Pipeline link provides access to full‐text newspapers, journal articles, TV and radio transcripts and other reference materials. The library provides access to the Alaska Digital Library allowing patrons to download audio books and e‐books as well as access to Mango, an online language learning program. The library is open 60 hours per week with 5 full‐time and 6 part‐time employees that assist almost 12,000 registered users. Eight computers are available for patrons to access the internet, electronic databases, City of Kenai municipal codes and government sites. A grant from the Rasmuson Foundation enabled the library to offer in‐house lending of laptops to reduce waiting time for computer use and provide more flexibility. The library has a dedicated Rosetta Stone station for the study of foreign languages. 4.5.7 Other Services The City’s Building Department maintains city buildings and performs several administrative functions, including plan review, inspection, record keeping, and permit issuance. The City built a visitor and cultural center in 1992 to encourage tourism in Kenai. The 10,000 square foot facility is operated by Kenai Chamber of Commerce and Visitors Center, Inc. through a facilities‐management agreement with the City.17 The Center houses a permanent collection of historic artifacts, wildlife exhibits and a gift shop. The City leases land for a nominal fee to support organizations such as the Kenai Chamber of Commerce and Visitors Center Inc., the Peninsula Art Guild, the Kenai Historic Society, Peninsula Oilers Baseball Club, Inc., Women’s Resource and Crisis Center, and the Alaska Challenger Center. 17 In 2012, the Kenai Convention and Visitors Bureau and the Kenai Chamber of Commerce merged into a single entity called the Kenai Chamber of Commerce and Visitors Center, Inc.  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 52 June 23,2016 Worksession #3 Draft The City, along with state and federal agencies and nonprofit organizations, provide many community services. The City supports multiple agencies and public activities through grants including: the Kenai Watershed Forum, the Chamber of Commerce and Visitors Center, Central Area Rural Transit System (CARTS), Boys & Girls Club; Industry Appreciation Day, the Economic Outlook Forum, and Oilers Baseball, to name a few. Coordinating services to ensure cost‐effective and efficient delivery will be important as public dollars decline. Opportunities to combine services or otherwise improve efficiency, cost‐effectiveness, and quality should be identified, explored, and implemented with the appropriate providers. By state law, the Kenai Peninsula Borough is responsible for local education and property tax assessment and tax collection. The Borough also provides areawide solid waste disposal and emergency management services. The State of Alaska operates and maintains a number of facilities in Kenai. State roads within the City include the Kenai Spur Highway, Beaver Loop Road, Bridge Access Road, Strawberry Road, and Kalifornsky Beach Road. Other state facilities include the State of Alaska Courthouse, District Attorneys’ Office, and Public Defender Agency, Army National Guard Armory, the Kenai Health Center, other social services and employment offices, and, abutting the City, the Wildwood Correctional Facility. There are numerous public recreational lands and facilities owned and operated by the borough, state and federal governments in and near Kenai. Non‐city public and private utilities provide electric power, natural gas, solid waste collection, telecommunications, and satellite and cable providers. 4.6 City of Kenai Finances The City of Kenai continues to maintain an excellent financial condition. The current (FY17) budget projects year‐end balances of $10.0 million (general fund) and $33.4 million (other governmental funds). Kenai’s per capita bonded debt ($213.40 as of June 30, 2015) is one of the lowest of all Alaskan cities with debt, and well below the statewide municipal average. Kenai’s low bonded indebtedness partly reflects a long‐standing reluctance to bond for local capital improvements, relying instead on local tax revenues and federal and state grants to fund capital projects. 4.6.1 Expenditures Development, expansion and maintenance of community facilities and services are fundamental to Kenai’s quality of life and to assure positive future growth and a healthy economy. Logical and cost‐effective growth requires adequate infrastructure. The budget planning tool for providing facilities and services, the Capital Improvements Plan (CIP), is one tool to implement the Comprehensive Plan’s goals,  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 53 June 23,2016 Worksession #3 Draft objectives and strategies. Existing and future business and residential development will be supported and promoted with adequate infrastructure when fiscally responsible. Well‐planned community facilities and services improve the quality of community life. For FY 2017, the City’s general fund operating expenditures of $15.4 million were allocated as follows: Public Safety (47.2%), General Government (18.4%), Public Works (15.5%), Parks, Recreation and Cultural Services (15.1%), Senior Citizen Programs (1.0%), Debt Service (0.9%), and Capital Projects (1.9%). Special revenue funds of $8.1million went for the Airport Fund (35.2%), Water and Sewer Fund (30.2%), Airport Land Sales Permanent Fund (14.6%), the Senior Citizen Fund (11.1 %), General Land Sales Permanent Fund (1.8%), and Personal Use Fishery Fund (7.1%). 4.6.2 Revenues Kenai levies a sales tax (3% in FY 2017) and property tax (4.35 mills in FY 2017). In FY 2015, sales taxes accounted for 41.6% of city‐levied General Fund revenues, and property taxes for 20.1%. Several city services (water and sewer, airport) are funded wholly or partly by user revenues. 4.7 Forecast of Economy, Population and Housing Demand Modest economic growth and population increase is expected for the City of Kenai and the Kenai Peninsula as a whole for the next 10‐15 years (KPEDD 2016). The City’s population rate has slowed to a less than one percent yearly increase since 1990. Similarly, the region’s basic economic sectors – energy industry, fishing/fish processing, and tourism – have experienced moderate growth. However, as the region grows, Kenai can be expected to continue its role as a trade and services center for the western Kenai Peninsula. Consistent with these economic assumptions, the modest population growth that the City of Kenai has seen in recent years will most likely continue for the foreseeable future. A significant discovery of oil and gas reserves could improve the economic outlook of the region. This prospect is possible considering the increase in estimated oil and gas reserves in the Cook Inlet Basin and recent gas development wells within the city boundaries. Increased interest in mining and exploration could also stimulate the local economy. Increased industrial activities to support an Alaska LNG project must also be considered in evaluating the rate used to forecast growth.  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 54 June 23,2016 Worksession #3 Draft For planning purposes, the estimate of the City of Kenai’s future population and net housing demand uses the KPEDD 2016 estimated annual growth rate of 0.8% through the year 2035. Table 12 assumes population growth for the City of Kenai would be approximately XXXX in 2030. This growth rate is significantly less than what was estimated in the 2003 comprehensive plan.18 Table 13. Estimated Population & Future Housing Needs # of Housing Units 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Change 2010 ‐ 2030 Population 7100 7358 Net Increase 258 Housing Units 3166 3090 Net Increase ‐76 Source: KPEDD 2016, City of Kenai Of particular interest planning purposes is the forecasted increase in senior population (age groups 65 and older). By 2027 it is projected that 14,800 people (23%) will be over 65. This shift in population age affects housing demand, private 18 In the 2003 Comprehensive Plan, the population of the City of Kenai was estimated to grow by about 35% between 2000 and 2020. and public services, health care needs, education needs, transportation modes, and commercial services. Table 13 provides a comparison of the estimated demand for residential, commercial, and industrial land uses with the acreage of vacant land zoned for each of these uses. Future demand was based on Kenai’s current population and current land use patterns. It is estimated that an additional XXX acres will be needed to accommodate future demand. This estimate does not include other private uses or public uses. Table 13 (14): Current &Future Land Use Demand by Type Type of Use 2016 Acreage 2030 Acreage Demand In Use Vacant Additional Needed In Use Vacant Commercial Industrial Residential Mixed Use Note: The estimated future demand was calculated using KPEDD’s projected annual growth rate of 0.8%. The Mixed Use Land Use classification includes zoning districts Central Commercial, Limited Commercial, and Townsite Historic. The Central Commercial classification includes Central Mixed Use zoning district. The industrial classification includes Light Industrial and Heavy Industrial zoning districts. These figures represent developable land and exclude acreage that cannot be developed, such as wetlands. The projected demands in the table are based on existing zoning.  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 49 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft The Comprehensive Plan and its subset, the Land Use Plan, provide the City of Kenai with the ability to frame future planning choices that support the community’s vision. The broad purpose of the Land Use Plan is to ensure an adequate supply of land that:  Offers a reasonable choice of suitable locations for all essential uses,  Separates incompatible uses,  Can be efficiently served with public roads, utilities and services,  Maintains the quality of existing development, and  Creates a stable, predictable setting for future investment. With sound land use planning, Kenai can meet the needs of settlement, accommodate new growth, and improve the quality of the already‐built community without compromising its natural setting. The Land Use Plan classifications, the Land Use Map, land use patterns and ownership and how this information is used in planning decisions are described in the following sections. 5.1 Land Use Classifications and Land Use Maps The Land Use Plan describes the City’s vision of a generalized desirable pattern of land uses. The Land Use Plan defines the variety of land use types and maps the pattern or distribution of the types. The Land Use Plan does not regulate land use; it is not a zoning ordinance. The Land Use Plan Map (Map 7) is a generalized description of the spatial distribution of land uses inside the City of Kenai. The Land Use Map is not the Official Zoning Map. Any changes to the Official Zoning Ordinance or Official Map, future comprehensive plan amendments, and subdivision approvals are to be consistent with the Land Use Plan and Land Use Map pursuant to Alaska State Law. In 2011, the Planning and Zoning Commission reviewed the land use classifications for all areas in the City of Kenai and a revised land use map was approved as an update to the Comprehensive Plan. This 2011 map forms the basis for the 2016 Land Use Map. Table 14 defines the intent for each of the land use classifications. Each classification describes the types of land use considered generally appropriate or compatible. The land use classifications are not zoning designations. Chapter 5: Land Use Plan Table 14: Land Use Plan Classifications Suburban Residential (SR) Land Use Classification Suburban Residential is intended for single‐family and multi‐family residential uses that are urban or suburban in character. The area will typically be developed at a higher density; lots are typically smaller; and, public water and sewer services are required or planned. Some developments may be required to construct streets to a paved standard and larger subdivisions may be required to provide sidewalks and public areas. Parks and open space land uses may be considered appropriate. Low Density Residential (LDR) Land Use Classification Low Density Residential because of location or poor site conditions is intended for large‐lot single‐family low‐density residential development. The area will typically be developed with individual on‐site water supply and wastewater disposal systems. Streets will typically be constructed to rural street standards (i.e., gravel) and sidewalks will not be typically included in the subdivision design. Rural Residential becomes Low Density Residential to avoid confusion with zoning category. Commercial Land Use Classifications – General Commercial (GC) and Central Commercial (CC) General Commercial is intended for retail, service, and office businesses that serve Kenai and the larger region. General Commercial is appropriate for locations along the arterial road system. General Commercial‐type development requires larger parcels of land and access to a major road system. It is also intended to support smaller‐scale businesses. Central Commercial is intended for retail, service, and office businesses at a more compact and denser scale; locations are accessible and convenient to both motorists and pedestrians. Central Commercial‐type development is particularly desirable in the Townsite Historic District and adjacent core area. Residences may be appropriate among commercial uses in these central areas. Non‐commercial uses such as public offices, institutional uses and residences may be appropriate among commercial uses. Central Commercial may also apply at locations that have evolved into new Kenai commercial “centers” that are developed at a small to medium scale. Mixed Use (MU) Land Use Classification Mixed use is intended for a compatible mix of residential, retail, service, office, public, institutional and recreational uses. Uses are co‐located in an integrated way that supports sustainable forms of transport such as public transport, walking and biking, and increases neighborhood amenities. Compatibility issues are addressed through careful site layout and building design. Industrial Land Use Classifications – Industrial (IN) and Airport Industrial (AI) Industrial is intended for a variety of light and heavy industrial uses such as: warehousing, trucking, packaging, distribution, production, manufacturing, processing, marine‐related industry and storage, and similar industrial activities. Public water and sewer; utilities; and safe, convenient vehicular access are required or planned. Because uses generate noise, odors and emissions typically at a higher level than other land uses, measures should be taken to minimize conflicts with adjacent non‐industrial uses. Buffers between industrial uses and adjacent non‐industrial uses are desirable. Airport Industrial is intended to support continued development at the Kenai Municipal Airport. It is intended for those lands reserved for the airport and its future expansion are included in this classification. Residential uses may be considered appropriate provided the residential use is associated with and secondary to the primary industrial use. Institutional (ITL) Land Use Classification Institutional is intended to provide an area in which government and tax exempt institutions can offer social and cultural amenities to the citizens of the community. The primary use is public, non‐profit, and quasi‐public uses including government offices and facilities, schools, churches, and other community‐service oriented facilities Parks, Recreation and Open Space (PROS) Land Use Classification Parks, Recreation and Open Space is intended for those public recreation facilities, as well as undeveloped lands that provide for the conservation of natural or scenic resources. These areas can be used for a variety of passive and active outdoor and indoor sports and recreational activities. Areas that may be suitable for future natural resource development may be included in this category. 2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 51 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft Map 7. 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W EST TERN AVESPRUCEWOOD RD STP OLO KTSTERLING CTSTERLING CTR CFRONTAGE RDBRID GE A CCESS RD SPU R VIE W DR TERN AVE HARBOR AVEKENAI SPUR HWYWALKER LNAIRPORT WAYNORTH WILLOW STBARON PARK LNHEA ACCESS RD MARATHON RDGEEBEE AVE BRI DGE ACCESS RDN BRI DGE ACCESS RDRO G ER S R DPAULA STLAWTON DR NOR M A N S T P A MEL A C T M St.BRIDGE ACCESS ROADVAN ANTWERP AVEBELUGA DRPRINCESS STMAGIC AVE CRYSTAL STHUTTO STRO G ER S R D LOEWD GODCINDERELLA STCINDERELLA STE PENNY CI TERESA STSHELIKOFF STSOUTH TINKER LNNORTH TINKER LNCOLONIAL DR ALIAK DR LINWOOD LNLAWTON DR BARABARA DRTC AUK ST DEEPWOOD CTALIAK DRMc COLLUM DRCHINIAK STCOLONIAL DRSILVERSMITH LNPINEWOOD LNLINWOOD LNKIANA LN JAMES STLINWOOD LNFOX AVE DOLLY VARDEN STKULILA PLK E N A I S P U R H W Y STEELHEAD CT CROW CT KAKNU WAYCHINITNA PLALIAK DR CHINIAK STJAPONSKI DRCOTTAGE CICASTLE STLANTERN CI KAKNU WAY KENAI SPUR HWY TUNDRA ROSE LNCOPPER LNBAKER STCOPPER LNCANDLELIGHT DRKIANA LN HIGHBUSH LNLAWTON DR GLACIER STBAKER STDAVIDSON DRRAIN BOW D RHIGHBUSH LNALIAK DR BLARNEYROY WAYSHAMROCKSALMON STALIAK DR CLIFFORD AVE GIBSONWAYBUMBLEBEE AVE CLIFFORD AVE MISTY HAVEN LNHIGHBUSH LNMISTY HAVEN LNRANDEE LN HIGHBUSH LNBAKER STCICIBIGHORN CI PEBBLE BEACH CT INDIANWELLS CT BRANNIGANSHILLELAHCICICONE AVEGRAVEL STDEAN STMARGIN AL AC CESS RD CONE CIWYATT WAY SWIRES RDMAPES DRSWIRES RDWYATT WAY HOLLIER STDOLCHOK LNBASIN VIEW WAYAMES RDAMES RDBEAVER LOOP RDANGLER DRMUDHEN DR EAGLE STRAVEN STSTRAWBERRY RD CHINOOK DR F RON T A GE R DNORTH FERN STPARKSIDE DRFORGET-ME PRIMROSE PLPRIMROSE PL LUPINE DR -NOT RDFERN STDOGWOOD RD WILDROSE AVEIOWA STNEVADA STEISENHOWER LNTOGIAK ST K E N AI S P UR H WY FIR E WE E D L NSHOTGUN DRNORTH FERN STDEVRAY STDEVRAY STSHELL DR N O R T H D O G W O O D R D WOLFE ST TTERN PLI ST. SE VALHALLA LNEAST RICHFIELD DR BWR TC JOHNISRR REEA Y SEIRNOBDP HI L LI P S D R N O R T H L U P IN E D R S T A N D A R D D R RICHFIELD DRSHANE CTWORTHAM AVEROSS ST RANCE CTWORTHAM AVE KENAITZE CT D EAGLE ROCK DR S A N D PI P E R L N RTHOMPSON PLSHELL DR S O CK E YE C IKING SALMON DR RIDGEVIEW CT T KI A KIT CHISIK STNI GHTHAWKLN LNMINK CT ESWA LLOW DRCTWMA RTIN C T MUSKRA T WA YNORTH STRAWBERRY RDK E NAI S P U R HWY C H IN O O K C TSILVER S A LM O N D R STRAWBERRY RD S ILVE R S A LM O N D R MOCKINGBIRD access/water easement2006-011437-0REECE STBRYSON AVE ROW issuesee bldg file66' VACATE ROW2009-006759-02009-009059-0SEWER EASEMENT 2006-011437-0 2009-011422-0 VACATE 50' ROWBEAVER LOOP ROAD COLE DRCANDLELIGHT DRPEARSON AVE.Utility Easement2012-012093-0COMMERCIAL LOOPBREE AVE P E Y DR K E E'S T E RN WA Y STANDARD CT City of Kenai Land Use April 2013 Zoning Commercial Conservation Industrial Institutional Mixed Use Rural Residential Suburban Residential The information depicted hereon is for graphic representation only ofthe best available sources. The City of Kenai assumes no responsibilityfor errors on this map. Document Path: M:\Maps\Planning\ZoningWallMap_2016.mxdDate: 6/20/2016 ® NETCTTOUTSIDE WAYRIVERVIEW DR COHOE AVE SALMON CTBALEEN AVE SUNSET BLVD SUNSET BLVDAUGUSTINE WAYBACH DRILIAMNA RDWILDWOOD DRS ADIY A D RWINDFLOWER DRHOMER AVE OR CHID W A Y D EL G A M M A DR ALPINE AVE BLUEBELL LNBORGEN AVE DATION DR WELLS WAYSELDOVIA AVEBORGEN AVE SUNSET BLVD McCOY STSANAK AVE 20' ALLE Y 20' ALLEYAEAWELLS WAYRG E R DIN E W AY MLMWELLS WAYD20' ALLE Y 20' ALLE Y GDWELLS WAYNINILC HIK D R K E N AI S P U R H W YSEWARD AVELENNA AVE LILAC LNCOOK INLET VIEW DRPETERKIN PL ILIAMNA RD BA CH DR B A C H D RSITKIN CIAKUTAN CIWIND FLO W ER D R KORPI AVE McCOY STG ISHA LNBRUSH STBRUSH STFLORIDA AVE FLORIDA AVE ELYIN WAYALLEY G ISHA LNSADIYA DR DALIKA DR BACH DR CHULIN DR CHULIN DR DALIKA DR K E N AI S P U R H W Y C H U L IN D R DUJEMI DR ME SA LP SPUR DR FIRST STSECOND STTHIRD STREDOUBT AVE FOURTH STCALIFORNIA AVE FIRST STSECOND STTHIRD STTEXAS AVE ASPEN STTHIRD AVE SECOND AVENORTH SPRUCE STFLOATPLANE RDSYCAMORE STCT ALDE R PETERSEN WAYMISSION STD MAIN STMAIN STCORAL STCOLUMBIA STR CANDLELIGHT DRCANDLELIGHT DRCUNNING HAM CTERVIN STSPUR DRBOWPICKER LNSET NET DR SAND DOLLAR DR BOWPICKER LNTT PA DG AMES RDANGLER DRBEAVER LOOP RDMINCHUMINA AVE EAGLE STPTARMIGAN STALEENE WAYTIDAL STJULIUSSEN ST DOLCHOK LNCUB CT KIM-N-ANG CTCREEK AVE TOGIAK STRAVEN STSEELM O'BRIEN CT D COTTONWOOD PINE AVE WIND WARD DR TANAGA AVE COHOE CI TOYON WAY SALMO CI HAIDA DRSOUTH GILL STSTELLAR DR FATHOM DR STELLAR DR TOYON WAYEADIE'S WAYKENAI SPUR HWY FOURTH AVE SECOND AVENIGHTINGALE STMcKINLEY STMC KINLEY STHALLER STSECOND AVE WESBET CT GRANT PLTHIRD AVEHALLER STEVERGREEN STJEFFERSON STREDOUBT AVESKYLER LNMIRANDA CTCOURTNEY DRMADISON LNHALLER STJU LIE A N NA DR MC KINLEY STNORTH GILL STCOOLIDGE LNO WEDGELT RSY EEQUINOX WAY CHANNEL WAYI W W O I H OW IEQUINOX WAYTHIRD AVEKOA CICINORTH GILL STFIFTH AVEWEST WOOD CIPONDEROSA STSILVER PINES RD BACKWOOD AVE HEDLEY DRMEANDER LNDRLEEWARD DRINLET WOODS DRWOODSIDE AVE SOUTH FOREST DRCHANNEL WAYNORTH FOREST DRDR NORTH FOREST DRUN MISSION AVEHIG HLA ND AVECOOK AVE OVERLAND AVE S E A C A T C H DR BOWPICKER LNKENAI AVE UPLAND STSOUTH SPRUCE STCHAR CI OANL R MS GARDEN UPLAND STMISSION AVEOVERLAND AVELAND STINLET STKENAI AVEWESTWARD STAVE IN LE T ST CORAL STCO HO E AVE DRAGNET CT ROYAL STOLD CANNERY RDOVERLAND AVE ALASKA AVE MISSION AVE FIRST AVEBIRCH STBIRCH STFIFTH CT E VA H I KVA EA E C A R GILBERTSON STN L M O P A V VE A E D L SHE FIRST AVE CHERYL STPINE CIFIFTH AVEAVEECEDAR DRBEECH AVEFIR DRMAPLE DRWALNUT AVE LAUREL DROAK AVE LARCH AVE CYPRESS DRMAPLE DRREDOUBT AVE JUNIPER CT SYCAMORE CIPOPLAR CIFOURTH AVECINDY LNCINDY CIDORENDA CT SUSIEANA LNWINDJAMMER CI WATERGATE WAYSET NET DRSET NET DR 40-FOOT ROWCHILDS AVEBOAT LAUNCH RDBOAT LAUNCH RDCHILDS AVEKALIFORNSKY BEACH RDSEINE STNSCEI E BALEEN AVE T MUIR AVE LO R A DR VIP DRVIP DRW A T E R G A T E WA Y PIRATE LNBALEEN AVESCHOONER CIWATERGATE WAY KETCH STCLIPPER CITRADING BAY RDSENIOR CT GRANITE POINT ST PENINSULA AVE MARINE AVE KE NAI S PU R H W Y VIP DR RIVERVIEW DRATTLA WAY BARNACLE WAY BLUFF STBROAD STBROAD WAYBROADWAY CTPENINSULA AVE COOK AVEM AIN SREET LOOP RDFRONTAGE RDCAVIAR STSOUTH WILLOW STLAKE STFILDAGO AVE BIDARKA STMAIN STREET LOOP RD BIDARKA STFBO RDNORTH WILLOW STGRANITE POINT CTMAIN STREET LOOP RDSPUR VIEW DR MAGIC CT. W EST TERN AVESPRUCEWOOD RD STP OLO KTSTERLING CTSTERLING CTR CFRONTAGE RDBRID GE A CCESS RD SPU R VIE W DR TERN AVE HARBOR AVEKENAI SPUR HWYWALKER LNAIRPORT WAYNORTH WILLOW STBARON PARK LNHEA ACCESS RD MARATHON RDGEEBEE AVE BRI DGE ACCESS RDN BRI DGE ACCESS RDRO G ER S R DPAULA STLAWTON DR NOR M A N S T P A MEL A C T M St.BRIDGE ACCESS ROADVAN ANTWERP AVEBELUGA DRPRINCESS STMAGIC AVE CRYSTAL STHUTTO STRO G ER S R D LOEWD GODCINDERELLA STCINDERELLA STE PENNY CI TERESA STSHELIKOFF STSOUTH TINKER LNNORTH TINKER LNCOLONIAL DR ALIAK DR LINWOOD LNLAWTON DR BARABARA DRTC AUK ST DEEPWOOD CTALIAK DRMc COLLUM DRCHINIAK STCOLONIAL DRSILVERSMITH LNPINEWOOD LNLINWOOD LNKIANA LN JAMES STLINWOOD LNFOX AVE DOLLY VARDEN STKULILA PLK E N A I S P U R H W Y STEELHEAD CT CROW CT KAKNU WAYCHINITNA PLALIAK DR CHINIAK STJAPONSKI DRCOTTAGE CICASTLE STLANTERN CI KAKNU WAY KENAI SPUR HWY TUNDRA ROSE LNCOPPER LNBAKER STCOPPER LNCANDLELIGHT DRKIANA LN HIGHBUSH LNLAWTON DR GLACIER STBAKER STDAVIDSON DRRAIN BOW D RHIGHBUSH LNALIAK DR BLARNEYROY WAYSHAMROCKSALMON STALIAK DR CLIFFORD AVE GIBSONWAYBUMBLEBEE AVE CLIFFORD AVE MISTY HAVEN LNHIGHBUSH LNMISTY HAVEN LNRANDEE LN HIGHBUSH LNBAKER STCICIBIGHORN CI PEBBLE BEACH CT INDIANWELLS CT BRANNIGANSHILLELAHCICICONE AVEGRAVEL STDEAN STMARGIN AL AC CESS RD CONE CIWYATT WAY SWIRES RDMAPES DRSWIRES RDWYATT WAY HOLLIER STDOLCHOK LNBASIN VIEW WAYAMES RDAMES RDBEAVER LOOP RDANGLER DRMUDHEN DR EAGLE STRAVEN STSTRAWBERRY RD CHINOOK DR F RON T A GE R DNORTH FERN STPARKSIDE DRFORGET-ME PRIMROSE PLPRIMROSE PL LUPINE DR -NOT RDFERN STDOGWOOD RD WILDROSE AVEIOWA STNEVADA STEISENHOWER LNTOGIAK ST K E N AI S P UR H WY FIR E WE E D L NSHOTGUN DRNORTH FERN STDEVRAY STDEVRAY STSHELL DR N O R T H D O G W O O D R D WOLFE ST TTERN PLI ST. SE VALHALLA LNEAST RICHFIELD DR BWR TC JOHNISRR REEA Y SEIRNOBDP HI L LI P S D R N O R T H L U P IN E D R S T A N D A R D D R RICHFIELD DRSHANE CTWORTHAM AVEROSS ST RANCE CTWORTHAM AVE KENAITZE CT D EAGLE ROCK DR S A N D PI P E R L N RTHOMPSON PLSHELL DR S O CK E YE C IKING SALMON DR RIDGEVIEW CT T KI A KIT CHISIK STNI GHTHAWKLN LNMINK CT ESWA LLOW DRCTWMA RTIN C T MUSKRA T WA YNORTH STRAWBERRY RDK E NAI S P U R HWY C H IN O O K C TSILVER S A LM O N D R STRAWBERRY RD S ILVE R S A LM O N D R MOCKINGBIRD access/water easement2006-011437-0REECE STBRYSON AVE ROW issuesee bldg file66' VACATE ROW2009-006759-02009-009059-0SEWER EASEMENT 2006-011437-0 2009-011422-0 VACATE 50' ROWBEAVER LOOP ROAD COLE DRCANDLELIGHT DRPEARSON AVE.Utility Easement2012-012093-0COMMERCIAL LOOPBREE AVE P E Y DR K E E'S T E RN WA Y STANDARD CT City of Kenai Zoning January 2016 Zoning Conservation Rural Residential Rural Residential 1 Suburban Residential Suburban Residential 1 Suburban Residential 2 Urban Residential Central Commercial General Commercial Central Mixed Use Limited Commercial Light Industrial Heavy Industrial Recreational Townsite Historic Education The information depicted hereon is for graphic representation only ofthe best available sources. The City of Kenai assumes no responsibilityfor errors on this map. Document Path: M:\Maps\Planning\ZoningWallMap_2016.mxdDate: 6/20/2016 ® 5.3 Existing Land Use and Ownership Patterns This section describes the major land uses and ownership patterns in the City and some of the opportunities and challenges for these areas. This discussion provides background for the issues, goals and objectives in Chapter 6. Kenai’s land use pattern has been shaped by a combination of local natural features (Kenai River, wetlands, and floodplains), history, transportation improvements, and an ample supply of privately‐owned vacant land that is suitable for development. The historic townsite was constructed in a strategic area overlooking the mouth of the Kenai River. As the town developed, wetland and floodplain conditions strongly influenced the location of road corridors and settlement areas. War‐time construction of the airport just north of the original townsite limited opportunities to expand what would be a logical expansion of the city center. In response to physical constraints in the townsite, Kenai’s core business area developed east and west along the Kenai Spur Highway. Transportation improvements such as the construction of the Warren Ames Memorial Bridge/Bridge Access Road gave the Kalifornsky Beach area south of the Kenai River a road connection to the rest of the City and spurred development. Maps XX through XX (Aerial Imagery, Wetlands and Floodplains) illustrate the land use patterns that have resulted from the interplay of Kenai’s site characteristics and development history. Kenai is fortunate to have an ample inventory of privately owned, vacant land suited for future demands. Kenai encompasses approximately 28.5 square miles and includes 18,207 acres of land and water. As of 2016, 20% (3,624 acres) of land inside the city was either privately or publicly developed. Approximately 14,607 acres lie undeveloped, or in some cases, vacant.18 Much of the vacant land is either unsuitable for development (soils, slope, drainage, wetlands or floodplains) or is publicly owned (city, borough, state or federal) and not available for private development. The publicly‐owned lands have significant habitat, scenic, recreational and natural open space values. Today, emerging land use patterns include the following key features:  Physical development has been in response to local physical constraints.  The location of developable land combined with road corridors has produced a linear city form in Kenai with a very high ratio of highway road frontage to settled area. 18 For purposes of determining development, parcels with improvements valued at $10,000 or more were considered developed parcels. 2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 53 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft  The main road corridors in the community, such as the Kenai Spur Highway, Beaver Loop Road, and Kalifornsky Beach Road, follow well‐drained developable uplands.  Residential development is dispersed along the main road routes in several urban and semi‐suburban neighborhoods defined by natural features and transportation access.  Commercial growth has occurred primarily in a linear pattern along the Kenai Spur Highway and the Bridge Access Road.  There are multiple commercial centers emerging in Kenai: downtown core area and several spots along the state highway.  Small‐scale commercial development has emerged at several spots along the highway and along secondary state roads.  For the most part, developing areas have made use of underused, already‐in‐place (or nearby) facilities such as roads, water and sewer, fire/EMS. Basic public facilities and services are required for residential, commercial, and industrial uses and currently are provided at levels acceptable to most residents.  Most undeveloped land in the City is wetlands or floodplains, with low development potential but high value as habitat, natural areas, or open space. Most of these lands are also publicly owned. 5.3.1 Challenges and Opportunities Highway‐oriented, auto‐dependent commercial development along the highway continues to stimulate discussion by city leaders, businesses, and residents. As Kenai has grown in response to physical conditions and transportation improvements, development has spread out. Commercial/retail developments with large parking lots result. This linear pattern makes it unsafe and inconvenient to move among businesses without driving from one business to another. Local traffic is forced to use the major roads/highway to move between parts of the city. The highway was built primarily to carry traffic at moderate to high speeds between Kenai and other cities and areas of the borough. . Increase in traffic congestion along the major roads conflicts with this intended highway function. Commercial services, organized in this fashion, are also very difficult, if not impossible, to access by foot. As Kenai plans for the future, the transportation system will need to account for a variety of city residents such as people that do not drive, including younger and older populations and lower‐income residents, who have very limited means to get to around Kenai for goods and services. Contiguous development near existing services makes the best use of public development expenditures. Contiguous development patterns end up costing the city less to serve than dispersed development. For example, utility costs increase as the separation between developments increases. Costs likewise increase as the distance from the existing service hook‐ups increases. There are opportunities to promote, where feasible, infill and the reuse of vacant or underused commercial and industrial properties with existing infrastructure. Infill and reuse is generally more economical than development that requires new infrastructure. There may be a variety of financing arrangement, such as a Local Improvement District, that can be used to encourage more compact development at the multiple city “centers” currently emerging in Kenai.  2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 55 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft 5.3.2 Land Ownership About 64% of the land in the City of Kenai is government owned (city, borough, state, and federal), about 32% is in private ownership, and 3.1% is in Native ownership. Table 16 and Map XX illustrate land ownership patterns in the City. Table 16. City of Kenai Land Ownership, 2016 Owner # Acres Percent State 5,830 32.02 Private 5,353 29.40 Municipal 5,043 27.70 Borough 796 4.37 Native 563 3.09 Federal 483 2.65 Native Allotment 140 0.77 18,207.4 Source: City of Kenai, 2016 5.3.3 Suitability for Development Local natural features have greatly influenced the settlement patterns in the community with most development occurring on well‐drained sites along highway corridors. Kenai has a variety of lands that are appropriate for development. There are approximately 18, 207 acres of land in Kenai and about 3,624 acres are already developed.19 Another 3,671 acres are vacant. Approximately 51% of vacant land is in private ownership, outside of wetlands and floodplains, and may be suitable for development (Map 10). Physical conditions (slope, soils, drainage, etc.) and access may limit development in some areas. Of the approximate 12,000 acres of publicly owned land forming Kenai’s land base, about 10,600 acres, is classified as wetlands or floodplains. The wetlands are concentrated north of the developed Kenai Spur Highway corridor, north and south of Beaver Loop Road and along the Kenai River. The floodplains are situated along the Kenai River and minimal development has occurred in these areas. While floodplains have limited potential for future development, they have a high value as natural areas and may support some low‐impact, low density uses. Kenai is fortunate to have an ample inventory of privately owned, vacant land suitable for development. Based on existing development (residential, commercial, and industrial), and the gross supply of undeveloped, privately‐owned land, there appears to more than adequate land available for development through 2030. 19 Developed acreage was calculated for entire parcels with development valued at $10,000 or more. 2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 57 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft 5.4 Land Use Classifications 5.4.1 Commercial Land Uses Kenai’s role as a major trade and services center for the Kenai Peninsula generates local investment, employment, and sales tax revenue. Local residents are provided a varied mix of shopping opportunities, however, much of the market base lives outside Kenai city limits. Commercial land uses dominate the corridor along the Kenai Spur Highway, Bridge Access Road, and in the downtown core or central commercial area (Map 13). As the City of Kenai commercial areas have shifted east and along the major road corridors, some of Kenai’s older business areas are presented with economic challenges. Retail marketing trends, particularly the trend towards big‐box retail stores, can displace the sales at existing businesses, which must then downsize/adapt or close. Residents have also expressed a strong desire for increased occupancy and improvements to the appearance of older commercial buildings. The Land Use Plan identifies two types of commercial land uses: (1) General Commercial (GC) and (2) Central Commercial (CC). The General Commercial land uses are typically retail, service, and office businesses that serve Kenai and the larger region. This type of development typically requires larger parcels of land and access to major arterial road systems. Central Commercial land uses are typically retail, service, and office businesses developed at a more compact and denser scale; locations are accessible and convenient to both motorists and pedestrians; and, residences may be appropriate. These uses can be found in the downtown core area, Townsite Historic District, and specific areas of along the Kenai Spur Highway and the mostly undeveloped area adjacent to the Bridge Access Road and the Spur Highway known as Millennium Square (Map 13). 2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 59 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft Central commercial replaces the former “mixed use” classification where it was applied to the downtown core area. It includes other “centers” with existing commercial uses or the sites are zoned commercial. 5.4.1.1 Millennium Square Millennium Square (Map 14), formerly known as the Daubenspeck Tract, encompasses several irregularly shaped parcels totaling over 21 acres. Millennium Square is the last large city‐owned parcel of undeveloped land in the city’s downtown core overlooking the Kenai River. The site provides multiple opportunities for development. Refer to the 2006 KEDS vision and conceptual drawings for detail. 5.4.1.2 Kenai Townsite Historic District The City of Kenai created the Kenai Townsite Historic District in 1993 (Map 15), comprised of 34 properties in the traditional townsite located on the bluff above the Kenai River. Ws1hPqTopUhnoh While locally sistandards for a1996). The Chuhowever, is listPlaces, and othqualify for listinThe district’s borigin as a Denperiod to todayUnfortunately, historical strucneglect before tordinance to cohistoric district St. Nikolai Memorignificant, the ta National Regisurch of the Assuted on the Natioer properties ing. uildings span Ka’ina village thy’s mix of old anmany of the dictures have beethe City createonserve the oldt is to manage nrial Chapel in the Htownsite does nster Historic Diumption of the onal Register on the Historic DKenai’s evolutiorough the Russnd new buildinstrict’s oldest, en lost to fire, dd a special zond townsite. Thenew developmHistoric District not meet the istrict (Elliott Virgin Mary, of Historic District may on from its sian settlementngs. most of the demolition, or ing district and purpose of theent and t d e buildihistorreviewestablbusinemixed The CiArmy addre DurinIndianto docDistricinitiatDistricconstrWellnland o As thereviewguidelprotecalso ddistricof Histng alterations tric character. 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It mrds to determinor the Nationalistrict’s is ria nd patible he U.S. Kenaitze a program toric n e Historic pleted alth and cres of ve, a . New ment while may be ne if the l Register 2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 61 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft 5.4.2 Mixed Use Mixed use enables a range of land uses that include a compatible mix of residential, retail, service, office, public, institutional and recreational uses. Uses are to be co‐located in an integrated way with careful site layout, building design, and landscaping so that the integrity of adjacent land uses is maintained and neighborhood amenities are increased. Compatibility issues are addressed through careful site layout and building design. 5.4.3 Residential Land Uses The natural terrain, early settlement, and a single highway route shaped the pattern of early residential development in Kenai. Today residential development, both suburban and rural, has expanded beyond the main road. Kenai has a large inventory of vacant residential‐zoned tracts that provides an opportunity to plan for subdivision and development. Many of these tracts are already served with improved roads, water and sewer, and other utilities. Some of the residential lots have gone undeveloped because they are smaller than preferred. It may be possible to consolidate and replat some of the smaller lots to make them more marketable. As noted earlier, promoting infill development on vacant improved lots is a desirable goal to achieve efficient land use and optimal use of city infrastructure. Some of Kenai’s residential subdivisions lack desired amenities such as neighborhood parks, better neighborhood access by foot to local schools and play areas, paved streets, city water and sewer, street lighting and landscaped buffers from incompatible uses and traffic. Beaver Loop Road is a rural area with scenic vistas, natural open space, and a low‐density residential lifestyle with a short drive to city services. The City is seeking funding to widen the road shoulders and develop bike paths in this area. This proposed development and the phased expansion of the water and sewer infrastructure, including expansion of the water treatment facility, may encourage growth in this area. Much of the vacant property in the Beaver Loop area is affected by wetland or floodplain conditions, and may not be suitable for uses more intense than Low Density Residential development. In the late 1970’s, construction of Bridge Access Road and Warren Ames Memorial Bridge opened the Kalifornsky Beach Road area for semi‐urban settlement. Better access has fostered development of attractive, low‐density housing with onsite water and sewer facilities. Kenai residents place a high value on residential neighborhoods that are safe for all ages and located near important community facilities such as schools, recreational facilities, the library, parks, government services, and commercial areas. The Land Use Plan identifies two types of residential land uses: (1) Suburban residential (SR) and (2) Low‐Density Residential (LDR). Suburban residential land uses are typically single‐family and multi‐family residential uses that are urban or suburban in character. Typically, suburban residential neighborhoods are developed at a higher density; lots are typically smaller; and, public water and sewer systems are required or planned. Sidewalks, public areas, and paved streets may be required for some projects. Low‐density residential land uses typically include single‐family low‐density, large lots with individual on‐site water supply and wastewater disposal systems. Streets will typically be constructed to rural street standards (gravel) and sidewalks will not be included in the design. 5.4.4 Industrial Land Use The Land Use Plan creates two types of industrial land uses: (1) Industrial Land Use (IN), and (2) Airport Industrial (AI). Industrial lands are those suitable for both light and heavy. Uses may include warehousing, trucking, packaging, distribution, production, manufacturing, processing, marine‐related industry and storage, and similar industrial activities. The Airport Industrial lands are those lands reserved for the Kenai Municipal Airport and its future expansion, and tracts needed for present and future aviation‐related uses and activities. Existing industrial land uses in Kenai total about 433 acres, and another 720 acres are vacant and zoned for industrial uses. While the current economic outlook does not indicate a demand for large industrial sites in the near future, maintaining the viability of existing industry is a land use and economic priority. Marine‐oriented (e.g., fish processing, upland storage, fuel storage, marine repair, and recreational fishing), aviation‐related (e.g., aviation support services and cargo storage and transfer), oil field support services (e.g., welding, training, and fabrication), and gravel extraction are the primary industrial land uses in Kenai. The decline of the commercial fishing industry has affected operations of some fish processing plants. Some processors have adapted by producing fresh fish products (Alaska Wild) rather than canned fish. According to a KPEDD 2015 report on Industry Highlights, the Alaska LNG project, which could start production at its proposed Nikiski liquefaction plant and export terminal by 2025, would be a significant investment in the Kenai Peninsula, operating for decades. Though the project is still in its early stages of design and permitting, and a final investment decision is about four years away, there is 2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 63 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft significant activity in the region as part of the environmental review and design work. Secondary impacts, both positive and negative, can be expected for the city. In 2011, the City of Kenai received a legislative appropriation of $761,650 to pursue development of an industrial park adjacent to Marathon Road. An engineering firm developed a conceptual layout for the 42‐acre industrial park which will encompass 20‐25 lots. In April 2012, the preliminary plat was approved. Road access, power, water and sewer have been extended to the site. The majority of companies expressing interest in the facility represent the oil and gas industry which demonstrates a revitalization of this industry on the Kenai Peninsula. Industrial land use is part of the city’s basic economy. While commercial land uses are primarily consumptive and rely on the flow of money into the city, industrial uses generate revenue. Kenai has built a healthy industrial economy, based on its energy and fisheries resources. Kenai should reserve its best‐located industrial‐zoned tracts for future industrial uses that would not be suitable for residential or commercial zones. Such a strategic outlook to the future will allow Kenai to take advantage of opportunities for future development. The availability of local gravel sources plays an important role in the encouragement of development. Historically, gravel extraction has been allowed as a conditional use in rural areas, particularly off Beaver Loop Road. Local sources of gravel and fill materials are economically advantageous, but there is potential for conflicts between gravel extraction and transport and other nearby uses, particularly in residential areas. The City’s conditional use and subdivision review processes can be effective tools to require site reclamation and minimize negative impacts from gravel operations. Mitigation plans that accompany permits address impacts such as dust, noise, road safety hazards, drainage, groundwater degradation, and other impacts related to the surrounding environment. 5.4.5 Institutional Land Uses The Land Use Plan identifies Institutional Land Uses (ITL) as those uses that are primarily government and tax‐exempt institutions that offer social and cultural amenities to the residents of Kenai and the region. Uses typically include government offices and facilities, schools, churches, and other community service‐oriented facilities. 5.4.6 Parks, Recreation and Open Space Land Uses The Land Use Plan identifies approximately 358 acres designated by the City as parks, recreation and open space (PRO), which far exceeds the National Recreation and Park Association guidelines for parks and open space acreage (see Section 4.5.4 for a description of areas managed by the Kenai Parks and Recreation Department). In addition, state and federal lands in and near the City have also been designated for these purposes, including areas adjacent to the Kenai River. The Land Use Plan identifies Parks, Recreation and Open Space (PROS) Land Uses as public recreation facilities, as well as undeveloped lands intended to provide for conservation of natural or scenic resources. Passive and active outdoor and indoor sports and recreational activities are appropriate. Some improvements are compatible with appropriate site design and layout. The term “open space” includes those areas managed for parks and recreation, areas zoned for conservation, and undevelopable areas. These areas provide outdoor recreation opportunities, visual and sound buffers and habitats for fish and wildlife. For example, in addition to its habitat functions, wetlands provide flood control and they act as a natural water purification system. Establishing corridors between designated open space areas is important for wildlife migration and to retain options for future trail expansion. In addition to the aforementioned values, open space can enhance nearby property values. Some areas designated for parks and recreation also provide de facto open space because of incompatibility with other uses. For example, wetlands, stream corridors, and utility corridors are not suitable for development and can provide a form of “buffering”. 2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 70 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft 6.1 Introduction and Framework for the Future The vision statements, issues, goals and objectives from the draft Imagine Kenai 2030 comprehensive plan (Draft 2013 Plan) are included in the draft 2016 Kenai Comprehensive Plan. The strategies, priority ranking, and responsible department information from the 2013 plan, has instead been written into the 2016 plan objectives and implementation sections, were appropriate. The planning terms used in this chapter – goals, objectives and action items – are defined in the inset box. The goals and objectives provide the rationale for the implementation measures. The goals and objectives, in combination with the Land Use Plan and Land Use Map, guide the pattern, location, scale, and character of future growth. The goals and objectives provide the frame of reference for reviewing land development proposals such as comprehensive plan amendments, rezoning, conditional use permits, and subdivision plats. Goals are broad statements of the City’s long‐term desired outcomes. Objectives are “operational” guidelines used to determine whether a proposed project or program advances community values expressed in the goals. Action Items list specific steps the City will take to implement the Objectives. Action items may be a one‐time work effort (such as amending the City’s Municipal Codes, or adopting a new plan or regulation) or may be ongoing efforts that are part of the City’s day‐to‐day functions. Chapter 6: Goals, Objectives, and Implementation 2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 71 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft 6.2 Goal 1 – Quality of Life: Promote and encourage quality of life in Kenai. Vision: Kenai is a healthy community that provides for the emotional, physical, economic and spiritual wellbeing of all of its citizens; promotes the health and wellbeing for all age groups; provides opportunities for lifelong learning; and, encourages arts and cultural activities. Goal 1.0 – Quality of Life: Promote and encourage quality of life in Kenai. Goal 1 Objectives Action Items Q‐1 Ensure that Kenai is a community where people and property are safe. Q‐2 Protect and rejuvenate the livability of existing neighborhoods Q‐3 Promote beautification programs in Kenai. Q‐4 Promote the siting and design of land uses that are in harmony and scale with surrounding uses. Q‐5 Update existing site design guidelines for commercial development – landscaping, setbacks, parking. Q‐6 Update the subdivision code to include site design standards. Q‐7 Provide a variety of formal and informal educational programs. Q‐8 Collaborate with local Alaska Native organizations to identify culturally sensitive issues and areas of importance in Kenai. Q‐9 Encourage healthy lifestyles by providing opportunities and/or facilities for outdoor activities. Q‐10 Continue to support existing senior services and the development of additional services and housing. Q‐11 Identify requirements for nominating the Townsite Historic District (TSH) to the National Register Historic District. Q‐12 Update Historic District design standards in the city’s land use regulations. Q‐13 Develop strategies in cooperation with state and federal agencies to ensure there is adequate affordable housing in Kenai. Q‐14 Continue to foster a compact, intensive mix of private and public uses in the downtown core area. Q‐15 Acknowledge the emergence of other commercial centers. Q‐16 Provide a wide variety of opportunities for the public to participate in public policy decision‐making.  Update site design standards.  Conduct a housing inventory.  Research process and information needed for creating a TSH District.  Evaluate the opportunity for multiple city centers – definitions, criteria, standards for development  Update/revise subdivision code.  Prepare an urban trail and greenbelt system plan that connects with other trail systems. 2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 72 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft 6.3 Goal 2 – Economic Development: Provide economic development to support the fiscal health of Kenai Vision: Kenai has a secure economic vitality by being a community that has a wide variety of job opportunities and workforce support and development; by providing a quality of life and financial climate that encourages businesses to start up, expand or relocate to Kenai; and, by providing a built environment based on standards that sustain long‐term economic viability and growth and that promotes affordable residential and commercial development. Goal 2 ‐ Economic Development: Provide economic development to support the fiscal health of the community. Goal 2 Objectives Action Items ED‐1 Promote projects that create workforce development opportunities. ED‐2 Implement business‐friendly regulations, taxation and incentives to create a stable, positive climate for private investment. ED‐3 Use regional economic and workforce statistics to match the most suitable type of industry for particular areas and then market these areas. ED‐5 Promote adaptive reuse of vacant commercial buildings in the city center and along the Kenai Spur Highway. ED‐6 Prior to zoning property to commercial, consider if use has access to collector or arterial road, access to city services, and that potential conflicts with adjacent non‐commercial uses have been minimized through site design, landscaping, or other appropriate measures. ED‐7 Prior to zoning to industrial, consider if use has access to collector or arterial road, access to city services, that potential conflicts with adjacent non‐industrial uses have been minimized through site design, and that potential hazards from the proposed industrial use have been minimized. ED‐8 Reserve areas zoned for industry for industrial uses.  Develop a recruitment strategy to attract and compete for specific businesses and industries that are necessary to maintain the local economy.  Conduct inventory of industrial lands.  Conduct a cost‐benefit analysis of development incentive programs such as reverse taxation, tax relief, and tax deferral.  Update existing guidelines for commercial development – utilities, landscaping, setbacks, parking. 2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 73 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft 6.4 Goal 3 – Land Use: Develop land use strategies to implement a forward‐looking approach to community growth. Vision: Kenai implements a forward‐looking approach to community growth and development by establishment of several different zoning districts that reflect the needs of each district; and, by providing commercial, industrial, and residential areas suited to current and probable future growth. Goal 3 ‐ Land Use: Develop land use strategies to implement a forward‐looking approach to community growth and development. Goal 3 Objectives Action Items LU‐1 Establish siting and design standards so that development is in harmony and scale with surrounding uses. LU‐2 Promote the infill of existing, improved subdivision lots. LU‐3 Review existing zoning and subdivision codes to determine if they address current and future land uses adequately. LU‐4 Review revitalization strategies for the area adjacent to the Bridge Access Road beginning at Millennium Square to the boat landing. LU‐5 Support development at emerging community “centers” that lie outside the major employment centers but provide a mix of retail, service, and residential uses. LU‐11 Where feasible, consolidate access to and between land uses via frontage roads or by shared driveways onto main streets/highways. LU‐12 Ensure that the installation of basic public infrastructure (roads, sewer, water, and drainage) is coordinated with the timing of development and that improvements are in place at the time impacts occur. LU‐13 Coordinate transportation improvements with the city’s land use plan, capital improvements program, Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities transportation plans, the Kenaitze Indian Tribe, and Salamatof Tribal Council. LU‐14 Ensure a pattern of connecting streets and blocks that allows people to get around easily by foot, bicycle or car when approving new developments, both commercial and multifamily. LU‐15 Review the siting of oil and gas development. LU‐16 Support implementation of the City’s Kenai Airport Master Plan Capital Improvements Program.  Determine if current zoning and subdivision codes are consistent with the goals and objectives of the comprehensive plan.  Update the subdivision code to include site design standards, requirements for the retention of reservation of open space and parks in new subdivisions.  Review landscaping design requirements to require retention of natural vegetation; to define and provide buffers between incompatible land uses.  Evaluate the creation of two conservation zones – one for natural areas and one appropriate for some improvements.  Prepare an urban trail and 2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 74 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft Goal 3 Objectives Action Items LU‐6 Review landscaping ordinance to ensure buffers are required to protect neighborhoods. LU‐7 Identify city‐owned and public‐owned lands appropriate for rezoning to protect natural areas and open space. LU‐8 Prohibit development in natural hazard areas. LU‐9 Locate parks near schools, residential areas not served now. LU‐10 Encourage creative subdivision design for residential areas. LU‐17 Coordinate senior services and facilities with improvements to the city center or downtown core. LU‐18Provide a wide variety of opportunities for the public to participate in local land use decisions. greenbelt system plan that connects with other trail systems.  Develop revitalization strategies to support the marketing of waterfront area (Bridge Access Millennium Square to Boat Harbor).  Develop standards or guidelines for the siting of oil and gas development.  Annually review land use map to monitor changes in land use.  Explore various media to expand public involvement in planning activities and decisions. 2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 75 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft 6.5 Goal 4 ‐ Public Improvements and Services: Provide adequate public improvements and services in Kenai. Vision: Kenai encourages public involvement in decision making; has well‐planned public and institutional facilities that meet the health, education, governmental and social service needs of all citizens; has an integrated efficient and cost‐effective network of utilities and public improvements and is a community where the public feels safe. Goal 4 Objectives Action Items PF‐1 Ensure that the installation of basic public infrastructure (roads, sewer, water, and drainage) is coordinated with development and that improvements needed to serve the development are in place at the time impacts occur. PF‐2 When siting and designing a new public facility the city shall determine if the facility is necessary, if the demand for services can be met, and if there funding sources in place to pay for it. PF‐3 Maintain existing water and sewer utilities. PF‐4 Consider additional city activities and services. PF‐5 Continue mutual cooperation activities with the Kenai Peninsula Borough Division of Emergency Management for efficient delivery of public safety services (police, fire, EMS) to residents of the City of Kenai.  Continue to collaborate with the USACE on the Kenai River bluff erosion project.  Continue to secure necessary funding for the Kenai River bluff erosion project.  Participate in the development of the City’s Capital Improvement Program (CIP) process to evaluate the feasibility/need for public improvements.  Update city’s sewer and water master plan.  Evaluate the need for additional city services.  Work with the Kenai Peninsula Borough School District to develop standards for locating new schools during the design of new neighborhoods. 2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 76 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft 6.6 Goal 5 ‐ Transportation: Provide transportation systems that are efficient and adequate to serve the regional needs of the community. Vision: Kenai Municipal Airport is a gateway to the Kenai Peninsula and West Cook Inlet; the roads are designed, constructed, and maintained for year‐round use; and the harbor functions as a vital facility for water connection to other areas in the State. Goal 5 – Transportation: Provide transportation systems that are efficient and adequate to serve the regional needs of the community. Goal 5 Objectives Action Items T‐1 Support future development near or adjacent to the airport when such development is in alignment with the Kenai Municipal Airport’s primary mission, “To be the commercial air transportation gateway to the Kenai Peninsula Borough and Cook Inlet.” T‐2 Inventory existing roads, trails, and utilities and identify and prioritize upgrades. T‐3 Establish a maintenance and upgrade program for the City’s transportation system. T‐4 Pursue local road projects through annual budget requests from the STIP. T‐5 Transportation improvements needed to serve new developments shall be in place at the time new development impacts occur. T‐6 Ensure a pattern of connecting streets and blocks that allows people to get around easily by foot, bicycle or car when approving new developments, both commercial and multifamily. T‐7 Actively pursue design and construction of a Kenai River Bridge Access Road and coastal and bluff trail system T‐8 Coordinate transportation improvements with the city’s land use plan, capital improvements program, ADOT&PF transportation plans, the Kenaitze Indian Tribe, and Salamatof Tribal Council.  Support the Airport’s marketing strategy to actively recruit development on Airport Industrial Park leases.  Fund and schedule the develop a city long‐range transportation plan.  Monitor progress of Statewide Transportation Improvement Plan (STIP).  Prioritize maintenance/upgrades for streets, sidewalks, and trails based on criteria established in city’s maintenance program. 2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 77 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft 6.7 Goal 6 – Parks and Recreation: Ensure that Kenai has excellent parks and recreational facilities and opportunities. Vision: Kenai enhances the quality of life for all citizens through parks and recreational facilities, programs, and community services. Goal 6 ‐ Parks and Recreation: Ensure that Kenai has excellent parks and recreational facilities and opportunities. Goal 6 Objectives Action Items PR‐1 Pursue long‐term development of a trail and greenbelt system that connects the proposed coastal trail and upland bluff trail with links to and through the urban area. PR‐2 Maintain existing recreational opportunities and plan for new parks and recreation improvements. PR‐3 Promote the public/private collaboration for acquisition, development and maintenance of neighborhood parks, youth sports facilities, and recreational areas. PR‐4 Support projects that provide additional quality outdoor and indoor recreation. PF‐5 Establish criteria for siting parks and recreation facilities to make them accessible, safe, with adequate parking. PF‐6 Promote the joint use of municipal land and facilities. PF‐7 Encourage development of a mutually supportive cluster of diverse residential facilities for seniors near shops, services, activities, and amenities that cater to seniors as well as the community at large. PF‐8 Locate future community parks near schools and residential areas not yet served by parks. PF‐9 Preserve and protect water features such as isolated wetlands, stream corridors, drainage areas, and riparian areas for open space and to enhance water quality. PR‐10 Include trails and bicycle paths in funding requests to ADOT&PF for future transportations plans. PR‐11 Require that greenbelts be provided when new right‐of‐way corridors are established.  Develop a master plan for Parks and Recreation.  Prepare an urban trail and greenbelt system plan that connects with other trail systems.  Implement the City of Kenai Parks and Recreation Trails Plan.  Revise the conservation zone standards and rezone public lands surplus to Kenai’s future development needs for conservation.  Explore creation of a Kenai River Gateway/Kuhtnu natural area or park to highlight Kenai’s reputation as a prime recreational access point to the Kenai River. (Kuhtnu is the traditional Kenaitze name for the Kenai River.) 2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 78 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft 6.8 Goal 7 ‐ Natural Hazards and Disasters: Prepare and protect the citizens of Kenai from natural hazards and disasters  Vision: Kenai has coordinated and proactive public policies, emergency plans and procedures, and educational programs that minimize the risk to the community from natural hazards and disasters. Goal 7 ‐ Natural Hazards and Disasters: Prepare and protect the citizens of Kenai from natural hazards and disasters. Goal 7 Objectives Action Items NH‐1 Implement the 2016 Hazard Mitigation Plan strategies. NH‐2 Prohibit development in known hazard areas except where no feasible or prudent alternative can be identified.  Collaborate with the city, borough and state agencies to develop and demonstrate defensible space and landscaping techniques.  Support educational programs regarding hazard mitigation.  Continue cooperative efforts with the Borough Office of Emergency Management, local media, and City of Kenai websites during periods of hazards such as volcanic eruptions, flooding, and earthquakes. 2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 79 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft 6.9 Goal 8 ‐ Environmental Resources: Protect and enhance the natural resources and environment of the community. Vision: Kenai practices mindful stewardship of the natural resources and the environment to ensure they are protected and enhanced for their viability and values in perpetuity. Goal 8 ‐ Environmental Resources: Protect and enhance the natural resources and environment of the community. Goal 8 Objectives Action Items ER‐1 Maintain and improve protection of the Kenai River its beaches, tidelands and wetland areas. ER‐2 Development plans should include provisions to avoid or minimize impacts on environmental resources such as the dunes, bluffs, wetlands. ER‐3 Review, and modify as necessary, the City's long‐term plan for management of the annual Personal Use Fishery. ER‐4 Divert public trails away from sensitive salmon spawning streams. criteria for siting parks and recreation facilities – accessible, safe, parking ER‐5 Revise the conservation zone standards and rezone public lands surplus to Kenai’s future development needs for conservation. ER‐6 Pursue long‐term development of an urban trail and greenbelt system that connects the proposed coastal trail and upland bluff trail with links to and through the urban area. ER‐7 Preserve and protect water features such as isolated wetlands, stream corridors, drainage areas, and riparian areas for open space and to enhance water quality.  Continue to work with the State of Alaska, personal use fishers, commercial fishers, residents, and others to mitigate damages caused by the dipnet fishery.  Continue efforts to protect the dunes.  Develop a plan for the protection of critical wetlands that includes methods for creating and purchasing conservation easements.  Increase signage along the bluffs at the mouth of the Kenai River to educate people of the damage caused by climbing the bluffs.  Explore creation of a Kenai River Gateway/Kuhtnu natural area or park to highlight Kenai’s reputation as a prime recreational access point to the Kenai River. (Kuhtnu is the traditional Kenaitze name for the Kenai River.)  Provide city maintenance of existing rights‐of‐way and easements for public access to beaches. 2016 City Kenai Comprehensive Plan 70 June 23, 2016 Worksession #3 Draft 6.10 Implementation The City will take action at various levels to implement the comprehensive plan goals, objectives and land use plan. The Administration is responsible for carrying out the city’s land use regulations and assisting the public with use of the plan goals and policies on a day‐to‐day basis. Individual departments use the plan as appropriate as they conduct city business and as they review requests for development approval. The Planning and Zoning Commission is the “keeper of the plan”. In its advisory role, the Planning and Zoning Commission is responsible for making recommendations for plan implementation. The Commission’s key role is the interpretation of the plan goals and policies when reviewing development requests such as subdivision proposals, conditional use permits, and variances. At the policy level, the City Council approves the plan and may revise the land use regulations (zoning and subdivision), landscaping requirements, the capital improvements program, and other city programs to implement the plan. Following adoption of the comprehensive plan, the City Planning Department and Planning & Zoning Commission should prepare a work plan for implementation. The work plan is an internal document that establishes implementation priorities. The work plan describes the action items identified for each planning goal and specifies the following:  What is the priority for completing each action?  Who should be involved?  What is the schedule for completing the action?  How much will it cost to complete? Because the plan is a living document and the implementing ordinances require time to develop and public involvement, it is important that the City develop an ongoing implementation work plan that prioritizes the actions necessary to carry out the goals and objectives of the plan.