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2010-12-15 Council Packet - Work Session
REMINDER: COUNCIL WORK SESSION DECEMBER 15, 6:00 P. WIND ENERGY STUDY *A LI HT MEAL WILL BE PROVIDED. The City of Kenai, Alaska WIND ENERGY STUDY December, 2010 Prepared by: Timothy E. Hall, P.E. R S A Engineering, Inc. MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL CONSULTING ENGINEERS 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 Anchorage, AK 99503 (907) 276 -0521 Wasilla, Alaska 99654 (907) 357 -1521 R S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska TABLE OF CONTENTS AREADESCRIPTION 3 WINDRESOURCE 3 SITEINVESTIGATION 5 WindResource 5 Zoning and Tower Height Issues 5 FacilityElectrical Loads 6 SITE SELECTION PROCESS 6 Sewage Treatment Plant Facility 6 Sewage Treatment Plant - Site Summary 8 BeaverCreek Well House #2 8 Beaver Creek Well #2 - Site Summary 9 SeniorCenter 9 Senior Center - Site Summary ..................................................... ............................... 10 KenaiVisitors Center ................................................................... ............................... 10 Kenai Multi -Use Facility — Ice Rink ............................................. ............................... 10 Kenai Sports Complex — Soccer Fields ...................................... ............................... 10 UAA MAPTS Fire Training Facility 10 SYSTEM MODELING 11 CONCLUSIONS19 Appendix A — Wind Resource Assessment for the Kenaitze Tribe 20 Appendix B — Homer Model Micropower Optimization Model Results 29 ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 e p907- 276 -0521 e N07- 276 -1751 WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 e Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907- 357 -1521 • ±907- 357 -1751 R S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this report is to provide an initial feasibility analysis of providing wind power to supplement utility power for several City of Kenai owned facilities. With the assistance of City of Kenai personnel we have selected three potential sites for this report due to differing electrical load structure and areas free of potential obstructions. The following sites were investigated: • Sewer Treatment Plant • Beaver Creek Well #2 • Senior Center In addition to the sites noted above other sites were also considered but eliminated due to either very low power requirements or unsuitability of constructing equipment towers. These sites are listed below. • Kenai Visitor Center • The Ice Rink at the Kenai Multi- Purpose Facility • The Soccer Fields at the Kenai Sports Complex • UAA MAPTS Fire Training Facility Since wind energy is pollution -free, infinitely sustainable, has no fuel costs, does not produce greenhouse gasses, and does not produce toxic or radioactive waste it is a very interesting prospect for governmental agencies as well as companies trying to become "greener" in their operations. Additionally, due to recent changes in the Homer Electric Association (HEA) tariff that allows net metering, the opportunity for the use of wind power (as well as other alternative energy sources) for small scale generation has become more attractive across the Kenai Peninsula. AREA DESCRIPTION The City of Kenai is located on the western coast of the Kenai Peninsula, fronting Cook Inlet. It lies on the western boundary of the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, on the Kenai Spur Highway. It is approximately 65 air miles and 155 highway miles southwest of Anchorage via the Sterling Highway. The community lies at approximately 60.554440° North Latitude and - 151.258330° West Longitude. The area encompasses 29.9 square miles of land and 5.6 square miles of water. Winter temperatures range from 4 to 22 °F; summer temperatures vary from 46 to 65 °F. Average annual precipitation is 20 inches. (Community profile information from State of Alaska Department of Commerce website http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm) WIND RESOURCE Wind energy converts kinetic energy that is present in the wind into more useful forms of energy —such as mechanical energy or electricity. Large modern wind turbines operate together in wind farms to produce electricity for utilities. Small turbines are used by homeowners, businesses, and governmental agencies to help meet local energy needs. ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907 -276 -0521 • f907- 276 -1751 WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 • Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907- 357 -1521 • f907- 357 -1.751 S Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai - Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska General wind studies use a seven level classification system based on wind power density (WPD). WPD is used to simplify the comparison of potential wind sites. Areas of Class 4 and higher are considered suitable to utility -scale wind power. The table below illustrates the standard wind power categories. Classes of Wind Power Density Wind Resource WPD - W /m' Wind Speed - m/s WPD - W /m2 Wind Speed - m/s Power Potential (mph) @ 10 m (mph) @ 50 m Class @10 m (33 t) (33ft) §50 m (164ft) (164ft) 1 Poor <100 <4.4 (9.8) <200 <5.6 (12.5) 2 Marginal 100 -150 4.4 (9.8) - 200 - 300 5.6 (12.5) - 5.1 (11.5) 6.4 (14.3) 3 Fair 150 -200 5.1(11.5)- 300 -400 6.4(14.3)- 5.6 (12.5) 7.0 (15.7) 4 Good 200 -250 5.6 (12.5) - 400 - 500 7.0 (15.7) - 6.0 (13.4) 7.5 (16.8) 5 Excellent 250 -300 6.0 (13.4) - 500 - 680 7.5 (16.8) - 6.4 (14.3) 8.0 (17.9) 6 Outstanding 300 -400 6.4 (14.3) - 600 - 800 8.0 (17.9) - 7.0 (15.7) 8.8 (19.7) 7 Superb >400 >7.0 (15.7) > 800 > 8.8 (19.7) Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) has collected wind data at two locations in the Kenai area. The first is from an 8 meter (26 foot) high weather station at the Kenai Airport, which recorded an average wind power density of 84 W /m2 and an average wind speed of 3.7 m/s (8.3 mph). The second was for a study at the Kenaitze Tribe Housing Complex utilizing a 30 meter (98 foot) tower, which recorded an average power density or 79 W /m2 and an average wind speed of 3.8 m/s (8.5 mph) -both are considered Class 1 wind sources. Appendix A is a report from the AEA Wind Resource Assessment for the Kenaitze Tribe. This wind study gives a more in -depth look at the wind potential at a location approximately 3.6 miles from the Kenai Visitors Center. (The wind resource information for both AEA Wind Resource Assessments, is website http://www.akenergyauthority.org/programwind.thml) ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907 -276 -0521 • f907- 276 -1751 WASII.;LA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 • Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907- 357 -1521 • f907- 357 -175l R S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska SITE INVESTIGATION Wind Resource Wind resources can vary within the same property. In addition to measuring or finding out about the annual wind speeds we need to know about the prevailing directions of the wind at our site. If we locate the wind turbine on the top of or on the windy side of a hill, then we will have more access to prevailing winds than in a gully or on the leeward side of a hill on the same property. In addition to geologic formations, we need to consider existing obstacles such as trees, buildings, and sheds, and we need to plan for future obstruction such as a new building or trees that have not reached their full height. The wind turbine needs to be sited upwind of buildings and trees, and a general rule of thumb for proper and efficient operation of a wind turbine is that the bottom of the turbine's blades should be 30 feet above the top of anything within 300 feet. We also need enough room to raise and lower the tower for maintenance, and if the tower is guyed, room for guy wires. The farther we place the wind turbine from obstacles such as building or trees, the less turbulence we will encounter. See Figure 1 below for illustration. Obstruction of the Wind by a Building or Tree of Height (H) 2H ' 20H Figure 1: Height or Distance Needed for Wind Turbine Placement (Obstruction of the Wind by a Building or Tree of Height (H) information from U.S. Department of Energy — Small Wind Electric System a U.S. Consumer's Guide) Zoning and Tower Height Issues Kenai Municipal Code section 14.20.235 covers zoning restrictions for wind turbines, which includes the applicable sections below. • Wind energy systems shall be allowed as secondary uses on lots that are a minimum of 20,000 square feet. • The following type of wind energy systems are allowed as a secondary use in the associated zoning districts: ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907- 276 -0521 • f907- 276 -1751 - 5 - W AS l LLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 • Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907 -357 -1521 • f907 -357 -1751 R A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai - Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska o Monopole, roof and vertical access systems in RR, RR -1, RS, RS1, RS2, RU, CC, LC, CMU and TSH Districts. In a number of not more than 1 per parcel unless the Owner applies for a conditional use permit. o Monopole, guyed, lattice, roof and vertical access systems in CG, ED, IL, IH and C Districts. In a number of not more than 2 per parcel unless the Owner applies for a conditional use permit. • Height limitations for wind energy systems shall be as follows except where allowed by conditional use: o In the RR, RR -1, RS, RS1, RS2, RU, CC, LC, CMU and TSH Districts total height (distance from ground to the highest point of any turbine blade) of the system cannot exceed eighty feet (80'). o In the CG, ED, IL, and C Districts total height of the system cannot exceed one hundred and fifty feet (150'). o In the IH Districts total height of the system cannot exceed three hundred feet (300'). o Structure in the aircraft approach zones or within 8000' of the main runway of the Kenai Municipal Airport shall comply with height limitations based on the FAA approved Kenai Airport Master Plan. Facility Electrical Loads Only grid connected wind systems were considered as a prerequisite for this study. Additionally, existing electrical loads were considered at each of the sites so that the energy generated matched or was less than the current energy purchased from HEA. These restrictions were employed to maximize the new HEA net metering regulations, which provides for 100% of kilowatt hour costs to be offset for electrical energy put back into the grid up to the amount of energy used. However, all energy put back into the grid, above the energy used, is paid back at $0.048460 per kilowatt hour. Therefore, sites with very low utility loads were not considered due to lower opportunity for payback. SITE SELECTION PROCESS Based on input from City of Kenai personnel we investigated seven sites for facilities owned by the City of Kenai. Our site selection process included the following: • A visit to the site to investigate topography and wind obstructions • Securing maps of the site to determine parcel size and zoning district • Securing electrical load characteristics and previous billing for each site Based on this process we determined three locations to model for this report. The site selection process summary is below. Sewage Treatment Plant Facility The Sewage Treatment Plant Facility is located at the bottom of the bluff adjacent to the Cook Inlet at the end of South Spruce St. The Sewage Treatment Plant property appears to consist of ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907- 276 -0521 • f907- 276 -1751 WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 • Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907- 357 -1521 • f907- 357 -1751 R S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska five parcels, with the area of the main parcel being approximately 2,000,000 square feet. The parcels appear to be zoned as C and CG. The Sewage Treatment Plant is approximately 4500 feet (') from the south end of Kenai Municipal Airport main runway with sections of the property being as close as 2500' to the runway. The plant is located on a bench several meters above Cook Inlet. Between the plant and Cook Inlet, to the southwest, is an approximate 400' wide stretch of beach. There is a bluff, to the northeast, that rises approximately 70' to 80' above the treatment plant site. Additionally, there are 30' to 50' trees that line the bluff. There are currently two services feeding the plant. The first has a monthly maximum demand of 240 kW, with a monthly energy usage of approximately 154,500 kWh. The second has a maximum demand of 170 kW, with a monthly energy usage of approximately 107,000 kWh. Either of the services would be suitable to utilize a 25kW (maximum allowed by HEA) or larger wind turbine to supplement power usage. The best location for a wind turbine would be at the top of the bluff above the plant. A 25kW unit has a rotor with a diameter of approximately 10 meters (33'). The hub height of the turbine would need to be approximately 100' above ground level due to the trees lining the bluff top (lowest point of turbine blades should be 30' above tree line). This would make the maximum height of the unit 116.5' above ground level, which could meet the City of Kenai's zoning requirements. Due to the distance from the end of the runway, FAA concurrence with the tower height will also need to be investigated. ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 e Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907- 276 -0521 • f907- 276 -1751 WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 e Wasilla, AK 99654 e p907 -357 -1521 • f907- 357 -1751 R S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska Sewage Treatment Plant - Site Summary South Spruce Street Kenai, AK Electrical Usage Zoning Max. Demand Energy Usage Lot Size Zoning District Turbine Height Airport Restriction Suggested Equipment Equipment Size Max Height 170 kW 107,000 kWh >2,000k C /CG <150' yes 25 kW 117' Beaver Creek Well House #2 Well House #2 is on Shotgun Drive near the intersection with Kenai Spur Highway. The well house property appears to approximately 250,000 square feet and is zoned as RR. Well House #2 is approximately 4.5 miles from the Kenai Municipal Airport. The well house site is relatively flat but sloping towards a creek on the east side. A pad of about 18,000 square feet has been cleared around the well house building. There are stands of 30' to 50' trees located on the north and southeast parts of the site with clearings and smaller trees located on the northeast and southwest sections. The well building height for the well house is approximately 20'. The electrical service for the facility has a monthly maximum demand of 100 kW, with a monthly energy usage of approximately 38,800 kWh, which would be suitable to utilize a 25kW or larger wind turbine to supplement power usage. The best location for a wind turbine at this location would be in the clear area towards the Southwest portion of the site. Again, for a 25kW, unit the hub height of the turbine would need to be approximately 100' aboveground level so that the lowest point of turbine blades are 30' above the tree line. The scenario would yield a maximum height of 116.5' above ground level. Since the City of Kenai zoning requirements would only allow an 80' maximum height for an RR zoning section a variance from the City of Kenai would be necessary to build on this site. Due to the distance from the end of the runway, tower height will not be driven by FAA requirements. ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 e Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907 -276 -0521 • f907- 276 -1751 - 8 - WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 o Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907- 357 -1521 • f907- 357 -1751 R S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska Beaver Creek Well #2 - Site Summary Shotgun Dr. Kenai, AK Electrical Usage Zoning Suggested Equipment Max. Demand Energy Usage Lot Size Zoning District Turbine Height Airport Restriction Equipment Size Max Height 100 kW 38,800 kWh >250k RR <100' no 25 kW 117' Senior Center The Senior Center is located at the top of the bluff on the north side of the mouth of the Kenai River. The facility is located at 361 Senior Center Court. The Senior Center property appears to consist of eight parcels, with an overall area of more than 1,500,000 square feet. The parcels appear to be zoned as CMU. The Senior Center is approximately 4,500' from the south end of Kenai Municipal Airport main runway with sections of the property being as close as 3,500' to the runway. The Senior Center and most of the property is located on the bluff approximately 70' to 80' above the Kenai River. The property is relatively flat and large sections are free of trees. There are stands of 30' to 50' trees that line the east, west and southwest of the site. The City of Kenai is responsible for a single service at the Senior Center with several meters. Tenants are also responsible for meters to individual apartments. A combination of the City meters has a monthly maximum demand of 36 kW, with a monthly energy usage of ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 e p907- 276-0521 • fl07- 276 -1751 WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 0 Wasilla, AK 99654 p907- 357 -1521 • f907- 357 -1751 S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska approximately 8,680 kWh. Some rework to the metering set up would be required to allow a wind generator to serve all of the city loads, but the city load from the facility would be suitable for a 15kW to 25kW wind turbine. The best location for a wind turbine at this location would be at the top of the bluff. Again, for a 25kW unit, the hub height of the turbine would need to be approximately 100' aboveground level so that the lowest point of turbine blades are 30' above the tree line. This would make the maximum height 116.5' above the ground level. Since the City of Kenai zoning requirements would only allow an 80' maximum height for an RR zoning section a variance from the City would be necessary to build on this site. Again, due to the distance from the end of the runway, FAA concurrence with the tower height will also need to be investigated. Senior Center - Site Summary Shotgun Dr. Kenai, AK Electrical Usage Zoning Suggested Equipment Size Equipment Max. Height Max. Demand Energy Usage Lot Size Zoning District Turbine Height Airport Restriction 36 kW 8,680 kWh >1,500k CMU <100' yes 25 kW 117' Kenai Visitors Center The Kenai Visitor Center was considered a poor candidate due to the relatively small site (137,000 square feet), obstructions including trees (50') and building (30'), and the close proximity to the end of the airport runway (2,800'). Rink Kenai Multi-Use Facility - Ice R resin The Kenai Multi -Use Facility was considered a poor candidate because of a relatively small lot that is mostly tree covered. Kenai Sports Complex - Soccer Fields The Kenai Soccer fields were considered a poor candidate due to the very low power consumption of the facility. UAA MAPTS Fire Training Facility The UAA MAPTS Facility was considered a poor candidate due to the very low power consumption of the facility. ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907- 276 -0521 e f907- 276 -1751 - 10 - WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 • Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907- 357 -1521 • 2907- 357 -1751 R A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska SYSTEM MODELING We chose to run system models for the Sewage Treatment Facility, Beaver. Creek Well House #2, and the Senior Center per the previous site analysis. For this report we utilized the "Homer Micropower Optimization Model" version 2.1, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), to model the systems. System modeling for this report was based on the most efficient use of the area wind patterns, HEA's net metering standards, and pricing for equipment (received from Alaska -based wind turbine suppliers). We needed to input electrical load characteristics of the facility, HEA rates schedule for the facilities, and the wind speed characteristics of each site to model the system. Electrical load characteristics were developed by estimating daily load characteristics based on monthly load information provided by the City of Kenai. The Homer Model extrapolated load data information over an entire year. It was assumed that HEA rates for the Sewage Treatment Plant and the Beaver Creek Well House were under the industrial classification. The Senior Center was under the commercial rate classification, and rate schedule were utilized accordingly for the model. Finally the wind data collected for the Kenaitze Tribe by the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) was used as a basis for the modeling of the three systems. Several runs of the model were made with various other turbines up to the 25kW limit from HEA's net metering requirements, a PGE 25kW unit had the best performance of the turbines investigated for all three of facilities. Therefore, the model results herein utilize this equipment. The graphs on the following pages plot the total investment versus the total return for the models that are summarized above. The Total Investment is based on initial cost plus operation and maintenance, replacement and salvage costs with a 3 percent inflation rate and a 5 percent interest rate. The Total return is based on the projected kilowatt hour savings with wind power and current HEA rates with a 5 percent energy inflation. ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907- 276 -0521 s f907 -276 -1751 - 11 - W ASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 0 Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907 -357 -1521 • f907- 357 -1751 0 N N yNN) P 9 o G' a ^ D CO- 4, el • to E. o N 0 ® o V 9 a 1D 0 w w • a. �• N)' 0 ▪ 0 • VIN o cr, - a 'n N 0 ▪ 0 c N $700,000 Y- 5500,000 ?— 5500,000 $400,000 $300,000 $200,000 100,00D Value of Investment and Value of Savings of Supplemental Wind Power (Applies to Senior Center) Assume 50% ($80,000) Grants 4% 4,; 4:e5 S• e. ir 1 �, X 4.77 'pry <11 4 0)Q :w % . �% ros �?p'., fit; isJ. �v si e0 °ass 5(100.000) o- -f-- ota]_ry 44/%4 O a"3 t Pet} 8 i '+) 9� �6 n _ �c r ru r N E N n a a. n rt g- < cn v c cn 2 G O .8 w > n n m 0 g �x • ® a frO O O W V „ to '0 • J O O N • • 0 N Value of Investment and Value of Savings of Supplemental Wind Power (Applies to Senior Center) Assume 0% ($0) Grants 100,000 5900, 5700,000 5500,000 5300,000 ra JJ .r 4. ._ . - rr 1s2 ?. r., 5100,000 5(100.000) -Total Investment rsdavriotal Return $500,000 _. 450,000 Value of Investment and Value of Savings of Supplemental Wind Power (Applies to Senior Center) Assume 80% ($128,000) Grants $400,000 350,000 5300, $272,022 $250,000 200,000 $150,000 $100,000 $so,000 -�- $5b, /bi 2,019 V S 'I a bCAR: ri Y W T Y JJ $433,449 $417,339 $700,000 5600,000 Ssoo,oao Value of Investment and Value of Savings of Supplemental Wind Power (Applies to WWTP and Well #2) Assume 50% ($80,000) Grants 5(100,000) �v Q41y�f� ss 16. 4 144 g+� � 4 % ..y % % % % 44 9 y 4 q % Tota,finestment @Total Return 1,100,000 I $900,000 5700,000 5500,000 I. Value of Investment and Value of Savings of Supplemental Wind Power (Applies to WWTP and Well #2) Assume 0% ($0) Grants Cin >- t-Total Investment se Total Return n > 0 r> Value of Investment and Value of Savings of Supplemental Wind Power (Applies to WWTP Well #2) Assume 80% ($128,000) Grants 5500,000 5450.000 I R A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska Appendix B contains the reports generated from our models for each of the three facilities. ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907- 276 -0521 • f907- 276 -1751 - 18 - WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 • Wasilla, AK 99654 a 9907 -357 -1521 • f907- 357 -1751 R S Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska CONCLUSIONS The wind speed measurements in the Kenai area indicate a Class 1 wind resource, which offers a poor potential for a wind power system. The viability utilizing this wind resource depends on a number of factors. These factors include the installed cost of the wind project; the operation and maintenance costs of the system; and energy costs in the area as well as the wind power. HEA has a rate structure in place for net metering of any supplemental power system. As such, systems installed in the Kenai area should be designed to take advantage of the net metering rates. Nonetheless, due to relatively low wind power densities in the area wind, turbines are not viable —based solely on economic reasons. Currently we are only aware of a federal grant program for rebates of up to 30 percent for wind turbine construction. Other programs may exist or may be developed in the future that could help offset the cost of renewable energy systems. Many communities across the country have gone ahead with such projects based on green initiatives regardless if the economic payback is unfavorable. As stated earlier in this report there are several factors that can alter wind power over a rather small geographical area. The data from the AEA studies was taken in areas more inland than the Senior Center and the Sewage Treatment Plant sites. Consequently, there is a chance for better wind power densities since coastal areas tend to have more wind than inland areas due to thermal differences between the land mass and water. From our investigation it appears that the average wind power at the City of Kenai sites would need to nearly double the wind power measured at the Kenai Airport and the Kenaitze site, in order to approach payback of the initial investment. If the City of Kenai still wishes to pursue wind power, actual recording of wind data at the site would be the next step. This would require the installation of a tower and anemometer system to measure the wind data. Several local companies can provide these services. Our research has shown a "ballpark" cost of $15,000.00 for these services. Finally, from the information that we have gathered during this investigation we feel there is little potential for wind power at these sites being economically viable. ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic 13oulcvard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907 -276 -0521 • f907 -276 -1751 - 19 - WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 • Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907- 357 -1521 • f907 -357 -1751 R S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska Appendix A — Wind Resource Assessment for the Kenaitze Tribe ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907 -276 -0521 • 1907 -276 -1751 - 20 - WASIW,q 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 • Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907- 357 -1521 • (907- 357 -1751 R S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai - Wind Energy Study laDLD ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY 813 VV. Northern l-ights Blvd. Anchorage, AK 99503 Phone: 907 - 269.3000. Pax: 907-269-3044 www.akenergyatithority.org SITE SUMMARY Site M: 5042 Latitude (14A027): 60` 33' 29.8" N Longitude fNAD27): 181" 6 54.9" W Magnetic Declination- 19` 30' East Tower Type: 30 -meter NRG Tall Tower Sensor Heights: 30m, 20m Elevation: 15.2 meters (50 ft) Monitor Start: 11/2712004 21-00 Monitor End: 31301200613:50 In November 2004. a 30 -meter meteorological tower was Installed on Kenaltze Tribe land. The purpose of this monitoring effort Is to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing wand energy in the community. The measured wind speed and direction data was collected at the site and estimates were calculated fort* potential energy production from various types of wind turbines. Wind Resource Assessment for KENAITZE TRIBE, ALASKA Date last modified: 611 2006 Compiled by: Cliff Dolchct 8 Mie Devine WIND RESOURCE SUMMARY Annual Average Wind Speed (30m height): 3.6 m/ Average Y nd Power Density (30m height): 79 W/nY Nhnd Power Class (range= 1 to 7) 1 Rating ( Poor, Magnet, Fair, Good, Excellent, Outstanding, Superb): Poor Prevailing Nhnd (rection: East Wind Shear. 0.36 Turbulence Intensity: 0.15 www.akenergyatdhorlty.orgfprogra d htint Page 1 of 9 May 2008 Kenai, Alaska ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 a Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907- 276 -0521 • 1907- 276 -1751 - 21 - W ASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 a Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907- 357 -1521 a 1907- 357 -1751 R A Engineering, Inc. Alaska Energy Authority City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska KENAITZE TRIBE, AK Wind Resource Assessment INTRODUCTION On initial review, the Kenaitze Tribe's property appears to be a'poor' candidate for wind power. The wind resource map below shows that the Kenaitze property is in close proximity to areas with a Class 1 to 2 wind resource. Areas of Class 4 and higher are considered suitable for utility -scale wind power development. PIAITZE SITE Ridgew?r. _....... a.aerL r- (1'. ;1 W -300 6 6W- W0 io = 2 2300. 400 7 > BOO = i- < 100 4 402 504 "..i 1+ 100.fi 5 %11-s00 MIE Figure 1. Wind Resource Map of Alaska Source: AWS Truewind With support from the Alaska Energy Authority, a 30 -meter tall meteorological tower was installed by AEA and Earth Energy Systems on the property belonging to the Kenaitze Tribe. The purpose of this monitoring effort is to verify the wind resource on Kenaitze Tribe land and evaluate the feasibility of utilizing wind energy in the community. This report summarizes the wind resource data collected and the potential energy production of the site. wvra. akenergyaulhority .orgiprogramwlnd.html Page 2 of 9 May 2006 ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907- 276 -0521 • f907 -276 -1751 - 22 - WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 • Wasilla, AK 99654 s p907- 357 -1521 e f907- 357 -1751 R S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Alaska Energy Authority KENARZE TRIBE, AK Wind Resource Assessment SITE DESCRIPTION The photos below document the meteorological tower equipment that was installed on Kenaitze Tribe land. Figure 2. Photos of the Met Tower Installation on Keneitze Land The photos in Figure 3 illustrate the surrounding ground cover and any major obstructions, which could affect how the wind flows over the terrain from a particular direction. As shown, the landscape surrounding the met tower site is and rated vely flat and surrounded by trees and shrubs. NE E Figure 3. Views Taken from Met Tower Base Table 1 lists the types of sensors that were used, the channel of the data logger that each sensor was wired into, and where each sensor was mounted on the tower. A pyrananeter was also instated to record solar Insolation. Table 1. Summary of Sensors Installed on the Met Tower Ch # Sensor Type Height Offset —I Boom Orientation 1 #40 Anemometer 30m NRG Standard 255 °True 2 #40 Anemometer 20 m NRG Standard 95° True 8 #200PV1find Vane 30m 255 75° True 10 11 Licor Pyranometer #1105 Temperature 2 m 3 m 1 NRG Standard 1 - Aerial viewof equipment on tower N ■CH1 NV'', "' MCH2 wl /"'^'eE ©rower S4v., /SE MCH1 www. akenergyauttarity .ory/programwind.html Page 3 of 9 May 2006 Kenai, Alaska ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 * Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 e p907- 276 -0521 e f907- 276 -1751 - 23 - WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 e Wasilla, AK 99654 e p907- 357 -1521 e P907- 357 -1751 R S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Alaska Energy Authority KENAITZE TRIBE, AK Wind Resource Assessment WIND DATA RESULTS FOR MET TOWER SITE Table 2 summarizes the amount of data that was successfully retrieved from the data logger at the met tower site. The wind vane was not working between November 2004 and June 2005, and the temperature sensor was not working from March 2005 to March 2006. Data from all sensors was missing for the month of February and part of March of 2006. Some icing also occurred during the winter months. The software program Wmdographer (www.mistaya.ca) was used to fill the gaps. Windographer uses statistical methods based on pattems in the data surrounding the gap, and is good for filling short gaps in data. Month Data Recovery Rate 92.4% 2004 Nov 2004 Dec 95.8% 2005 Jan 94% 2005 Feb 87.2% 2005 Mar 94% 2005 Apr 94.2% 2005 May 98.1% 2005 Jun 100% 2005 Jul _ 100% 2005 Aug 100% 2005 Sep 95% 20050ct 77.7 % 2005Nov 82.1% 2005 Dec 73.2% 2008 Jan 70.9% 2006 Feb 0% 2006 Mar 38.8% omelers Wind Speed Measurements The table below summarizes the wind speed data collected at the Kenaitze Tribe land met tower site. Table 3. Summary of Wind Speed Data, 30-meter Height Annual Average Highest Month Lowest Month Hour of Peak Wmd Max 10- minute average Max gust 3.8 mIs Dec 2005 16:00 The seasonal wind speed profile shows that the winter months are generally windier than the summer months. The daily wind speed profile shows that wind speeds are typically greater in the afternoon and evening hours and calmer in the morning. The data that makes up these graphs is listed in wvnn. ekenergyaulhorlty .org /programwind.Mml Page 4 of 9 May 2006 Kenai, Alaska ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907- 276 -0521 • f907- 276 -1751 - 24- WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 e Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907- 357 -1521 • f907- 357 -1751 R A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai - Wind Energy Study Alaska Energy Authority KENAITZE TRIBE, AK Table 4. Average Wind Speeds at Met Tower Site, 30m Height (m /s) Wind Resource Assessment Hour Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg_ 0 3.5 3.6 4.1 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.5 3.2 3.4 3.1 4.6 3.2 1 3.6 4.0 4.0 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 4.6 3.3 2 3.6 4.0 4.1 3.2 2.8 27 2.0 2.6 3.3 3.6 3.2 4.7 3.3 3 3.5 3.7 4.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 1.8 2.5 3.2 3.7 3.2 4.8 32 4 3.5 4.0 3.9 3.0 2.8 2.6 1.8 2.4 3.2 3.8 3.2 4.7 3.2 5 3.4 4.0 4.1 3.0 2.7 2.4 1.7 2.4 3.0 3.9 3.1 4.9 3.2 6 3.4 3.8 4.2 3.0 2.5 2.2 1.7 2.3 2.9 3.7 3.0 4.9 3.1 7 3.3 3.7 4.1 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.0 3.0 3.6 2.8 4.6 r--,c1 8 3.5 3.7 4.0 3.2 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.9 3.3 3.3 4.7 3.3 9 3A 3.8 3.9 3.8 4.0 3A 3A 2.8 3.2 3.3 32 4.7 3.6 10 3.5 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.0 3.8 3.5 3.3 4.4 3.9 11 3.4 3.9 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.5 4.2 3.5 4.0 4.0 34 4.3 4.1 12 3.6 4.0 4.5 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.4 3.8 4.1 3.4 3.7 4.3 4.2_ 13 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.5 3.8 4.1 3.5 3.7 4.5 4.2 14 3.5 4.1 4.9 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.2 4.2 3.5 3.8 4.7 4.4 15 3.8 4A 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.0 5.0 4.4 4.2 3.3 3.8 4.3 4.5 16 3.9 4.1 4.8 4.8 5.3 5.1 5.2 4.4 4.3 3.3 3.6 4A 4.4 17 3.6 4.0 4.9 4.6 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.1 4.2 3.0 3.5 4.5 4.3 18 3.5 4.1 4.6 4.1 4.7 4.8 4.3 3.7 3.7 3.0 3.6 4.3 4.0 19 34 4.0 4.3 3.7 4.2 4.5 3.8 3.1 32 2.9 3.5 44 3.8 20 3A 3.9 4.0 3.4 3.2 4.1 3.2 2.9 3.1 3.2 34 4.6 3.5 21 3.3 3.8 4.1 3.1 2.9 3.3 2.7 2.7 3.1 3.1 3.5 4.6 3.4 22 3.4 3.9 4.2 3.0 2.7 2.9 2A 2.7 3.3 3.3 3.1 4.3 3.3 23 3.5 3.6 4.2 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.3 2.6 3.3 3.1 3.1 4.3 3.2 Avg 3.5] 3.91 4.31 3.7 3.71 3.61 3.21 3.11 3.5] 3.41 3.41 4.5 3.7 Wind Frequency Distribution A common method of displaying a year of wind data is a wind frequency distribution, which shows he percent of time that each wind speed occurs. Figure 4 shows the measured wind frequency distribution as well as the best matched Weibull distribution, which is commonly used to approximate the wind speed frequency distribution. HI 011+ tity Olsitbation Fence Bin Ma Hralyr 81n nis Hraryr 41 27 19 OS 1 1.5 205 511 589 105 11 115 t21 2 718 12 18 25 809 125 13 878 13 10 3.5 831 13.5 722 14 - 1 e -- - - -- - - - - - -- 4.5 631 14 5 ( 5 555 15 .5 485 155 6 422 16 7 258 17 7.5 188 175 0 5 111 15 20 8 137 18 IGmAVE nda tm1et 8.5 115 18.5 Actual data -6'448 Weill 9sl4148lm 0('1.71, 8.421 Ma) 9 91 19 9.5 67 19. 10 20 Figure 4 Wind Speed Frequency Distribution of Met Tower Data, 30-meter height The cut -in wind speed of many wind turbines is 4 m/s and the cut-out wind speed is 25 mis. Tile frequency distribution shows that only a small percentage of the wind on the Kenailze Tribal land site is within this operational zone. ww, v. ekenergyeuthorlty .org/programwino.html Page 5 of 9 May 2006 Kenai, Alaska ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907 -276 -0521 • f907 -276 -1751 - 25 - WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 • Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907- 357 -1521 • f907 -357 -1751. S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Alaska Energy Authority KEMAITZE TRIBE, AK Wind Resource Assessment Wind Direction A wind frequency rose shows the percent of time that the wind blows from each direction, while the wind power roses show the percent of total power that is available in the wind from each direction. The annual wind frequency and wind power rose for the Kenaitze Tribal land met tower site is shown below. Wind Frxgmn y Rosa Average of 30m AVE m/s Power Density SW Figure 5. Annual Wind Roses for Kenaitze Tribal Land Met Tower Site Monthly wind power roses for the Kenaltze Tribal land met tower site are shown below. Jan Feb Mm NS wo Figure 6. Monthly Wind Power Roses for Met Tower Site wow.a kenergyauhoray .org /programwlnd.Mml Page 6 of 9 May 2006 Kenai, Alaska ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 e Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907 -276 -0521 m f907- 276 -1751 - 26 - WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 • Wasilla, AK 99654 s p907- 357 -1521 • f907- 357 -1751 R Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Alaska Energy Authority KENAITZE TRIBE. AK Wind Resource Assessment Turbulence intensity Turbulence intensity is the most basic measure of the turbulence of the wind. Typically, a turbulence intensity of around 0.10 is desired for minimal wear on wind turbine components.. As shown in Figure 7, the turbulence Intensity from all directions is low and unlikely to contribute to excessive wear of wind turbines. T.11110101107 ixnwayev ni,wabn Dir Turbulence Intensity N _' 0.14 NE . -_. -0.15 • 014 .... SE 0,15 _S_.. 014 -_._.. SW 0.16 W 0.16 NW Ave e_.___I Figure T, Turbulence Intensity Characteristics of Mel Tower Site Figure 7 plots the average turbulence intensity versus wind speed for the met tower site as well as for Category A and a turbulence sites as defined by the international Electrotechnicar Commission Standard 61400 -1, 2 Edition. Category A represents a higher turbulence model than Category B. in this case. the met tower data is less turbulent than both categories across the whole range of wind speeds. Wind Sheer Typically, wind speeds increase with height above ground level, This vertical variation in wind speed is called wind shear and is Influenced by surface roughness, surrounding terrain, and atmospheric stability. The met tower is equipped with anemometers at 20 and 30 -meter heights so wind shear can be calculated and used to adjust the wind resource data to heights other than those that were measured. Typical values range from 0.05 to 025. I Feb I- Mar Apr 0.28 May 0.30 ' dun 0.32 Jul 0.32 Aug 0,38 SFr 0.35 Oct o.97 0,42 0.40_ Ave 0.38 Nbnd Shear 0 40 _- ._.. ................ 041 Average al 28-311 Sheer Figure 8. Wind Shear Characteristics of Mei Tower site As shown. the wind shear varies by month, direction of the wind, and time of day. The average wind shear for the site is 0.36. The high wind shear value means that wind speeds at the 30 -meter height are much greater than the 20 -meter height, likely due to the tree line suppressing the wind speed at the lower height. www. akenergyauthorily .org/programwandmmi Page 7 of 8 May2006 Kenai, Alaska ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907- 276 -0521 e f907- 276 -1751 - 27 - WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 • Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907 -357 -1521 e f907 -357 -1751 Alaska Energy Authority KENAITZE TRIBE, AK Table 5. Power Production Analysis of Various Wind Turbine Models Wind Turbin' Options Wind Resource Assessment Manufacturer Proven Proven Information 2.5kW 6kW Tower Height 30 meters 30 meters Swept Area 9.6 m2 23.8 m' Gross Energy Produclan (kWhtyear) Jan 144 379 Feb 173 464 Mar 239 641 Apr 164 433 May 168 445 Jun 153 406 July 117 307 Aug 101 266 Sep 136 365 Oct 133 351 Nov 125 330 Dec _273 _ 729 Annual 1929 5,115 Annual Average Capacity Factor Fuhrlander Vestals Fuhrlander Northern Power] Fuhrlander I Bergey FL30 V15' Entegdty 15150. FL100 NW100 FL250 10 kW 30kW 65kW 65 kW t 100kW 100kW 250kW 30 meters 30 meters 30 meters 30 meters 50 meters 50 meters 50 meters I 38.5 m' 1.33 m22 177 m2 177 m' 348 m' 284 m' 684 m2 I I 303 1,585 1,545 3,832 _. ._..2,830 10,264 144 1 I 399 2,072 2.231 5,111 3,916 13,226 173 580 2,982 3,482 7,597 5,932 19,209 239 { 361 1,889 1,973 4,646 .._ 3,489 12,062 164 367 1,936 1,984 4,696 3,529 12,417 168 330 1,751 1,742 4,184 3,119 11,126 153 225 1.214 1,054 2,828 2,024 7,736 117 i 184 1,014 815 2,310 1,632 6,363 101 i 285 1,533 1,446 3,595 2,645 9,779 138 271 1,440 1,346 3,418 2,515 9,204 133 I 252 1,339 1,239 3,187 2,331 8,629 125 ___ 662 3,466 4,239 8,9.83 7,025_ L _22,_5.36 273______ 4,221 ...1 22,220 23,096 54,384 40,988 142,549 1,929 Gross CF g% I 10% 5% 8% 4% 6% 5% I 7% 9% j Net CF I 8% 9% 4% I 8% 4% 6% 4% I 6% 8% L Notes: Energy estimates are based on the year and a half of wind resource data measured at the met lower site and has not been adjusted for long- term trends or local air density. These factors are not expected to have a significant impact on increased wind energy production potential of this site. v vow. akenergyauthori ty.orgrprogransMnd.Mml Page 9 of 9 May 2006 ;.7 op rn CD CD 6u R S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska Appendix B — Homer Model Micropower Optimization Model Results ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 e Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907- 276 -0521 • f907 -276 -1751 - 29 - WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 • Wasilla, AK 99654 s p907- 357 -1521 a f907 -357 -1751 R S A Engineering, Inc. System Report - Beaver Creek Well #2.hmr System architecture Wind turbine 1 PGE 20/25 Grid 1,000 kW Cost summary Total net present cost $ 881,269 Levelized cost of energy $ 0.144 /kWh Operating cost $ 51,176/yr 700,000, 600,000- .^q 500,000 U 400,0001--- - o 300,0001 - 0, Z 200,000 Cash Flow Summary City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska 100,000. 0 et Present Costs PGE25 Grid Component Capital Replacement O &M Fuel Salvage Total ($) ($) ($) ($ /yr) ($) ($) PGE 20/25 160,000 51,257 7,047 0 - 30,121 188,183 Grid 0 0 693,086 0 0 693,086 System 160,000 51,257 700,133 0 - 30,121 881,269 zed Costs Component Capital Replacement O &M Fuel Salvage Total ($ /yr) ($ /yr) ($ /yr) ($ /yr) ($/yr) ($ /yr), PGE 20/25 11,352 3,637 500 0 -2,137 13,352 Grid 0 0 49,176 0 0 49,176 System 11,352 3,637 49,676 0 -2,137 62,528 FOE 20/25 Grid ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 o Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 o p907 -276 -0521 o f907- 276 -1751 - 30 - WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 o Wasilla, AK 99654 o p907- 357 -1521 0 f907 -357 -1751 Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai - Wind Energy Study w 0 LL U 0 z 150,000 -f— 100,000a 50,000 - 50,000 00,000 - 150,000 -200.000 Kenai, Alaska Cash Rows ^-° Capital - ^- Replacement -^- Salvage 1— Operating Fuel 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 13'14 15 16'1718 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Year Number Electrical Component Production Fraction (kWh /yr) Wind turbine 39,526 9% Grid purchases 394,824 91% Total 434,350 100% M onthi _ Avers a Electric Production Load Consumption Fraction (kWh /yr) AC primary load 434,350 100% Total 434,350 100% Quantity Value Units. Excess electricity 0.00 kWh /yr -53 Wind -5 Odd ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907- 276 -0521 • t907- 276 -1751 - 31 - WAS] LLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 • Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907- 357 -1521 • f907 -357 -1751 R S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Unmet load 0.00 MIll Capacity shortage 0.00 kWh /yr Renewable fraction 0.091 AC Wind Turbine: PGE 20/25 Variable Value Units Total rated capacity 25.0 kW Mean output 4.51 kW Capacity factor 18.0 % Total production 39,526 kWh yr Variable Value Units 2,241 Minimum output 0.00 kW 0 Maximum output 26.3 kW 1,926 Wind penetration 9.10 % 31,888 Hours of operation 5,192 hr /yr Apr Levelized cost 0.338 $ /kWh 95 24 18 T .812 6 0 PGE20/25 Out, Ut Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Grid Rate: HEA Commercial Kenai, Alaska kW 27.0 24.3 21.6 18.9 182 0,8 5. 4 2.7 Month Energy Purchased Energy Sold Net Purchases Peak Demand Energy Charge Demand Charge (kWh) (kWh) (kWh) (kW) ($) ($): Jan. 33,948 0 33,948 95 2,241 1,926 Feb 29,750 0 29,750 95 1,964 1,926 Mar 31,888 0 31,888 95 2,105 1,926 Apr 32,370 0 32,370 95 2,137 1,926 May 33,452 0 33,452 95 2,208 1,926 Jun 32,614 0 32,614 95 2,153 1,926 ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907 -276 -0521 • 1907 -276 -1751 - 32 - WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 • Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907- 357 -1521 • f907- 357 -1751 R S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska Jul 34,659 0 34,659 95 2,288 1,926 Aug 34,654 0 34,654 95 2,288 1,926 Sep 32,850 0 32,850 95 2,168 1,926 Oct 34,192 0 34,192 95 2,257 1,926 Nov 33,087 0 33,087 95 2,184 1,926 Dec 31,360 0 31,360 95 2,070 1,926 Annual 394,824 0 394,824 95 26,062 23,114 Emissions Pollutant Emissions (kg /yr).. Carbon dioxide 249,529 Carbon monoxide 0 Unburned hydocarbons 0 Particulate matter 0 Sulfur dioxide Nitrogen oxides 1,082 529 ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907 -276 -0521 • f907- 276 -1751 - 33 - WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 • Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907 -357 -1521 • f907 -357 -1751 R S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study System Report - Kenai Senior Center.hmr System architecture Wind turbine 1 PGE 20/25 Grid 1,000 kW Cost summa Total net present cost $ 325,928 Levelized cost of energy $ 0.212 /kWh Operating cost $ 11,773/yr 200,000 Cash Flow Summary 150,000 - U 100p00- h. 50,000 - 0 -50,000 - Capital Net Present Costs Replacement Operating Fuel Component Capital Replacement O &M Fuel Salvage Total (5) (5) ($) ($) (5) (5) '. PGE 20/25 160,000 51257 7,047 0 - 30,121 188,183 Grid 0 0 137,745 0 0 137,745 System 160,000 51,257 144,792 0 - 30,121 325,928 Annualized Costs Component Capital Replacement O &M Fuel Salvage Total ($/yr) ($lyr) ($ /yr) ($/yr) ($ /yr) ($ /yr) PGE 20/25 11,352 3,637 500 0 -2,137 13,352 Grid 0 0 9,773 0 0 9,773 System 11,352 3,637 10,273 0 -2,137 23,125 Salvage PGE 20/25 Grid Kenai, Alaska ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907 -276 -0521 • f907 -276 -1751 - 34 - WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 • Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907- 357 -1521 • f907- 357 -1751 S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study 150.000 100,000 - 50,000- Cash Flows 0 - 50,000 - 100,000 - 150,000 -200,0004 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Year Dumber Electrical Component Production Fraction (kwh /yr) Wind turbine 39,335 36% Grid purchases 69,911 64% Total 109,247 100% Monthly Aver km Electric Pt duction Load Consumption Fraction (kWh /yr) AC primary load 101,470 93% Grid sales 7,777 7% Total 109,247 100% Quantity, Value Units Excess electricity 0.000144 kWh /yr Unmet load 0.00 kWh /yr Capacity shortage 0.00 kWh /yr Renewable fraction 0.360 Wind Grid — Capital Replacement -- Salvage — Operating Fuel Kenai, Alaska ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907- 276 -0521 • f907 -276 -1751 - 35 - WASTLLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 a Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907- 357 -1521 a f907- 357 -1751 S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study AC Wind Turbine: PGE 20/25 Variable Value Units Total rated capacity 25.0 kW Mean output 4.49 kW Capacity factor 18.0 % Total production 39,335 kWh yr Variable;, Value Units 621 Minimum output 0.00 kW 714 Maximum output 26.4 kW 216 Wind penetration 38.8 % 3,871 Hours of operation 5,170 hr /yr Apr Levelized cost 0.339 $ /kWh 31 24 m 18 0 5 12 0 x g O PGE 20;2 ! Jan Grid Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec kW 27.0 21.6 16.2 10.8 6.4 0.0 Kenai, Alaska Month Energy Purchased Energy Sold Net Purchases Peak Demand Energy Charge Demand Charge. (kWh) (kWh) (kWh) (kW) ($) ($) Jan 6,019 451 5,568 31 621 237 Feb 4,629 714 3,915 28 437 216 Mar 5,099 1,228 3,871 31 432 243 Apr 5,654 588 5,066 31 565 238 May 5,612 712 4,901 28 547 220 Jun 5,911 553 5,358 26 598 203 Jul 6,674 354 6,320 35 705 267 Aug 7,296 209 7,087 34 791 260 Sep 6,117 490 5,626 30 628 232 Oct 6,269 431 5,839 32 651 247 ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 e Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 e p907- 276 -0521 e f907- 276 -1751 - 36 - WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 e Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907- 357 -1521 • f907- 357 -1751 S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska Nov 5,932 400 5,532 35 617 270 Dec 4,700 1,648 3,052 27 341 209 Annual 69,911 7,777 62,135 35 6,932 2,842 Emissions Pollutant Carbon dioxide Emissions (kg!yr),' 39,269 Carbon monoxide 0 Unburned hydocarbons 0 Particulate matter 0 Sulfur dioxide 170 Nitrogen oxides 83.3 ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907- 276 -0521 • f907- 276 -1751 - 37 - WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 e Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907 -357 -1521 • f907- 357 -1751 R S A Engineering, Inc. System Report - Kenai Sewage Treatment.hmr System architecture Wind turbine 1 PGE 20/25 Grid 1,000 kW Cost summary Total net present cost Levelized cost of energy Operating cost $ 1,888,745 0.106 /kWh 122,659/yr Cash Flow Srnnmaly City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska 2,900,000- €1,500.000 ffi CS % 1,000,000 500,000 -500,000 Capital nt Costs Replacement Operating Fuel Salvage Component Capital Replacement O &M Fuel Salvage Total ($) ($) ($) ($) ($) ($) PGE 20/25 160,000 51,257 7,047 0 - 30,121 188,183 Grid 0 0 1,700,563 0 0 1,700,563 System 160,000 51,257 1,707,610 0 - 30,121 1,888,746 lied Costs Component Replacement O &M ® El ($ /yr) Salvage Total ($ /yr) ($ /yr) ($ /yr) ($ /yr). PGE 20/25 11,352 3,637 500 0 -2,137 13,352 Grid 0 0 120,659 0 0 120,659 System ® 3,637 • 0 -2,137 134,011 — PGE 20/25 — Grid ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 o Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 o p907- 276 -0521 0 f907- 276 -1751 - 38 - WASHd,A 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 o Wasilla, AK 99654 to p907 -357 -1521 o f907- 357 -1751 0- R S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai – Wind Energy Study 200,000 Cash Flows 6 00,000 - c3 a M - 100,000- 0 4 ITLIILIII1L!11F.P 1111 VIU.IIUUI -200.000- - 300.000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 2425 Year dumper Electrical Component----------- Production (kWh/yr) '.. Fraction Wind turbine 39,526 3% Grid purchases 1,219,724 97% Total 1259250 100% 180 >^ 120 80 0 0 0 Monthly Avera e Electric Production n Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov ec Load AC primary load Consumption F action (kWh /yr) 1,259,250 100% Total 1,259,250 100% Quantity Value Units Excess electricity 0.00 kWh /yr Unmet load 0.00 kWh /yr Capacity shortage 0.00 kWh /yr Renewable fraction 0.031 Wnd Grid — Capital - _- Replacement - Salvage Operating — Fuel Kenai, Alaska ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 o Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907- 276 -0521 • f907- 276 -1751 - 39 - W ASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 a Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907- 357 -1521 a ±907- 357 -1751 R A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai - Wind Energy Study AC Wind Turbine: PGE 20/25 Variable Value Units Total rated capacity 25.0 kW Mean output 4.51 kW Capacity factor 18.0 % Total production 39,526 kWh /yr Variable Value Units 6,866 Minimum output 0.00 kW 0 Maximum output 26.3 kW 3,345 Wind penetration 3,14 % 101,948 Hours of operation 5,192 hr /yr Apr Levelized cost 0.338 $ /kWh 165 24 12 D 0 x 0 PGE 20■5 Out nit Jan Feb Mar Grid Rate: HEA Commercial Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct cv kW i27.0 ``' 21.6 16.2 10.8 5.4 0.0 Kenai, Alaska Month Energy Purchased Energy Sold Net Purchases Peak Demand Energy Charge Demand Charge (kWh),. (kWh) (kWh) (kW) ($) ,. ($) Jan 104,008 0 104,008 165 6,866 3,345 Feb 93,030 0 93,030 165 6,141 3,345 Mar 101,948 0 101,948 165 6,730 3,345 Apr 100,170 0 100,170 165 6,612 3,345 May 103,512 0 103,512 165 6,833 3,345 Jun 100,414 0 100,414 165 6,628 3,345 Jul 104,719 0 104,719 165 6,912 3,345 Aug 104,714 0 104,714 165 6,912 3,345 ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907- 276 -0521 • f907 -276 -1751 - 40 - WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 • Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907- 357 -1521 • f907- 357 -1751 S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska Sep 100,650 0 100,650 165 6,644 3,345 Oct 104,252 0 104 252 165 6,882 3,345 Nov 100,8871 0 100,887 165 6,660 3,345 Dec 101,4201 0 101,420 165 6,695 3,345 Annual 1,219,724 0 1,219,724 165 80,514 40,145 Emissions Pollutant Emissions (kglyr) Carbon dioxide 770,865 Carbon monoxide 0 Unburned hydocarbons 0 Particulate matter 0 Sulfur dioxide 3,342 Nitrogen oxides 1,634 ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 e Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 e p907 -276 -0521 • f907- 276 -1751 - 41 - WASILLA 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 • Wasilla, AK 99654 0 p907- 357 -1521 • f907- 357 -1751 R S A Engineering, Inc. City of Kenai — Wind Energy Study Kenai, Alaska Glossaries Ampere -hour A unit for the quantity of electricity obtained by integrating current flow in amperes over the time in hours for its flow; used as a measure of battery capacity. Anemometer A device to measure the wind speed. Average wind speed The mean wind speed over a specified period of time. Blades The aerodynamic surface that catches the wind. Cut -in wind speed The wind speed at which a wind turbine begins to generate electricity. Cut -out wind speed The wind speed at which a wind turbine ceases to generate electricity. Grid The utility distribution system. The network that connects electricity generators to electricity users, Interconnection A process of linking a generator, like some types of small wind system, to the electric grid. Interconnection requires permission from the local utility, and rules for doing so often differ on a case -by -case basis. Inverter kW A device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). Kilowatt, a measure of power for electrical current (1,000 watts). kWh Kilowatt-hour, a measure of energy equal to the use of one kilowatt in one hour. 0 & M Cost Operation and maintenance costs. Power coefficient The ratio of the power extracted by a wind turbine to the power available in the wind stream. PUC Public Utility Commission, a state agency which regulates utilities. In some areas know as Public Services Commission (PSC). PURPA Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (1978), 16 U.S.C. §2601.18 CFR §292 that refers to small generator utility connection rules. Net Metering A policy implemented by some state or local governments to ensure that any extra electricity produced by a generator, such as a small wind system, can be sent back into the grid for credit. Rated Output capacity The output power of a wind machine operating at the rated wind speed. Rated wind speed The lowest wind speed at which the rated output power of a wind turbine is produced. Rotor The rotating part of a wind turbine, including either the blades and blades assembly or the rotating portion of a generator. Rotor diameter The diameter of the circle swept by the rotor. Rotor speed The revolutions per minute of the wind turbine rotor. Start -up wind speed The wind speed at which a wind turbine rotor will begin to spin. See also Cut -in wind speed. ANCHORAGE 2522 Arctic Boulevard, Suite 200 • Anchorage, AK 99503 -2516 • p907- 276 -0521 o f907 -276 -1751 - 42 - 191 Swanson Avenue, Suite 100 s Wasilla, AK 99654 • p907- 357 -1521 s 1'907- 357 -1751 WASILLA KEMm. MASHY U PUBLIC NOTICE The City of Kenai City Council will hold a work session on Wednesday, December 15, 2010 to discuss its Wind Power Generation Study. The work session will be held in the Kenai Council Chambers, located at 210 Fidalgo Avenue, Kenai, AK and begin at 6:00 p.m. The work session is open to the public. Contact the Kenai City Clerk's office at 210 Fidalgo Avenue, Kenai, 283 -7535, extension 231 with questions. Carol L. Frees, City Clerk D/ Publish: December 10, 2010